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There are currently 310 Glossary and Terminology in this directory beginning with the letter C.
C
Calibration
Calibration: The comparison of a measurement instrument or system of unverified accuracy to a measurement instrument or system of known accuracy to detect any variation from the required performance specification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCando System
CANDO is an acronym developed by Henry Ford, resembling principles akin to the 5S methodology for workplace efficiency. Ford's CANDO system focuses on Cleaning up, Arranging, Neatness, Discipline, and Ongoing improvement.
Đăng bởi: Historical ContextCapability
Capability: The total range of inherent variation in a stable process determined by using data from control charts.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCapability maturity model (CMM)
Capability maturity model (CMM): A framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process. Its an evolutionary improvement path from an immature process to a mature, disciplined process. The CMM covers practices for planning, engineering and managing software development and maintenance to improve the ability of organizations to meet goals for cost, schedule, functionality and product quality.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCapacity constraint resources
Capacity constraint resources: A series of non bottlenecks (based on the sequence in which jobs are performed) that can act as a constraint.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCAQ
Computer Aided Quality Assurance: This term is used for the computer supported planning and performance of actions related to quality in a company.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCarcinogenic
Potential of a substance or agent to be a carcinogen.
Đăng bởi: Hazard Identification in SafetyCascade process
Breaking down objectives in an organizational unit. Performance indicators and performance figures are defined that can be measured and influenced for the particular unit and that ultimately are linked to the objectives of the company as a whole.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCascading
Cascading: The continuing flow of the quality message down to, not through, the next level of supervision until it reaches all workers. Also see deployment.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCASCO
CASCO: An International Organization for Standardization policy development committee for conformity assessment.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCause
Cause: An identified reason for the presence of a defect or problem.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCause analysis
Cause analysis: Another term referring to root cause analysis (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCause and effect diagram
Cause and effect diagram: A tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the Ishikawa diagram, because Kaoru Ishikawa developed it, and the fishbone diagram, because the complete diagram resembles a fish skeleton. The diagram illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect (symptom). The cause and effect diagram is one of the seven tools of quality (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCBT
Computer Based Training: Educational or training programs delivered via computer technology or digital platforms.
Đăng bởi: Training MethodCCFA
Comité des Constructeurs Français dAutomobiles: Association of the French automotive industry, Paris. www.ccfa.fr
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCCpk
Process capability index measuring how well a process fits the specifications, considering both centering and variation.
Đăng bởi: Process CapabilityCE mark
CE (Communauté Européenne) is the French term for the European Community. The CE mark is an expression of the conformance with EU directives. The objective of the CE mark is to show that a product conforms to the general protection objectives stipulated in the EU directives. The CE mark is consequently a symbol for free trade of technical products in the European Union.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCE marking
CE marking: Formerly known as the CE Mark, the Conformité Européene (CE) Mark is a mandatory conformity marking for certain products sold within the European Economic Area (EEA) since 1985. The CE marking is also found on products sold outside the EEA that are manufactured in or designed to be sold in the EEA. This makes the CE marking recognizable worldwide even to those unfamiliar with the EEA.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCEDAC
Cause Effect Diagram with the Addition of Cards. Cause effect diagram that uses cards or post its (for the causes). See also Ishikawa diagram.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCeiling
Upper limit or maximum value in statistical analysis or data representation.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCell
Cell: An arrangement of people, machines, materials and equipment in which the processing steps are placed next to each other in sequential order and through which parts are processed in a continuous flow. The most common cell layout is a U shape.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCellular manufacturing
Cellular manufacturing: Arranging machines in the correct process sequence, with operators remaining within the cell and materials presented to them from outside.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCellularization
Organizational or operational restructuring into autonomous units or cells for increased efficiency and responsiveness.
Đăng bởi: Organizational MethodCEN
Comité Européen de Normalisation. European Committee for Standardization. Its primary job is to compose European standards (EN).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCENELEC
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique, Brussels, Belgium
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCensoring
Statistical technique where certain data points are known but not fully observed or recorded in a study, often used in survival analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisCenter line
In control charts, a reference line representing the mean, median, or target value, indicating the center or expected value of a process.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control MeasureCenterline
Centerline: A line on a graph that represents the overall average (mean) operating level of the process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCentral Composite Design
Experimental design technique used in response surface methodology, involving factorial points and center points to model complex processes.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignCentral Limit Theorem
Statistical theory stating that the sampling distribution of a sample mean tends to be normally distributed regardless of the population's distribution.
Đăng bởi: Statistical TheoryCentral tendency
Central tendency: The tendency of data gathered from a process to cluster toward a middle value somewhere between the high and low values of measurement.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCentroid of a Cluster
Geometric center or average position of data points in a cluster or group, used in cluster analysis or classification.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisCEPT
Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications: Coordinating body for telecommunications and postal organizations from 48 European states. The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations was established in 1959 and developed recommendations for telecommunication until 1988 (focus on services and networks). When the ETSI was founded in 1988 it took over many of these functions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertificate
Document that is issued in accordance with the rules of a certification system in order to engender confidence that a uniquely described product or a uniquely described process conforms to a specified standard or to another normative document. (DGQ Volume 11 04:2009)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertification
Certification: The result of a person meeting the established criteria set by a certificate granting organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertification body
Company that carries out certifications.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified biomedical auditor (CBA)
Certified biomedical auditor (CBA): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified calibration technician (CCT)
Certified calibration technician (CCT): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified HACCP auditor (CHA)
Certified HACCP auditor (CHA): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified manager of quality/organizational excellence (CMQ/OE)
Certified manager of quality/organizational excellence (CMQ/OE): An CiCC certification; formerly certified quality manager (CQM).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified pharmaceutical good manufacturing practices (GMP) professional
Certified pharmaceutical good manufacturing practices (GMP) professional: An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality auditor (CQA)
Certified quality auditor (CQA): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality engineer (CQE)
Certified quality engineer (CQE): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality improvement associate (CQIA)
Certified quality improvement associate (CQIA): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality inspector (CQI)
Certified quality inspector (CQI): An CiCC certification; formerly certified mechanical inspector (CMI).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality process analyst (CQPA)
Certified quality process analyst (CQPA): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified quality technician (CQT)
Certified quality technician (CQT): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified reliability engineer (CRE)
Certified reliability engineer (CRE): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB)
Certified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified Six Sigma Green Belt (CSSGB)
Certified Six Sigma Green Belt (CSSGB): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified Six Sigma Master Black Belt (CSSMBB)
Certified Six Sigma Master Black Belt (CSSMBB): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified Six Sigma Yellow Belt (CSSYB)
Certified Six Sigma Yellow Belt (CSSYB): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified software quality engineer (CSQE)
Certified software quality engineer (CSQE): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCertified supplier quality professional (CSQP)
Certified supplier quality professional (CSQP): An CiCC certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChain reaction
Chain reaction: A chain of events described by W. Edwards Deming: improve quality, decrease costs, improve productivity, increase market with better quality and lower price, stay in business, provide jobs and provide more jobs.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChain sampling plan
Chain sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan in which the criteria for acceptance and rejection apply to the cumulative sampling results for the current lot and one or more immediately preceding lots.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChaku Chaku
Lean manufacturing method where each workstation is set up to automatically receive, process, and pass on the next part without manual handling.
Đăng bởi: Lean ManufacturingChaku Chaku Rain
CHAKU CHAKU (pronounced tcha koo tcha koo) line, load load line, work cell which normally allows one operator to merely transfer (i.e. load) finished pieces from machine to machine, returning to the first machine within the machine cycle time of the first machine
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CIChampion
Champion: A business leader or senior manager who ensures resources are available for training and projects, and who is involved in periodic project reviews; also, an executive who supports and addresses Six Sigma organizational issues.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChance Causes
In statistical process control, random or natural variations causing minor fluctuations within the normal operating range of a process.
Đăng bởi: Statistical ProcessChange agent
Change agent: An individual from within or outside an organization who facilitates change in the organization; might be the initiator of the change effort, but not necessarily.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChange management
Change management: The process, tools and techniques used to manage change, including planning, validating and implementing change, and verifying effectiveness of change.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChange Owner
Person initiating and accountable for implementing a change project/programme safely.
Đăng bởi: Change ManagementChange request
A request for a change in projects, particularly in software projects: formalized request for a change in the properties of a certain product characteristic.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChangeover
Changeover: A process in which a production device is assigned to perform a different operation or a machine is set up to make a different partfor example, a new plastic resin and new mold in an injection molding machine.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChangeover time
Changeover time: The time required to modify a system or workstation, usually including teardown time for the existing condition and setup time for the new condition.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCharacter Graphs
Graphs used in statistical analysis to display or visualize categorical or qualitative data characteristics.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationCharacteristic
Characteristic: The factors, elements or measures that define and differentiate a process, function, product, service or other entity.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCharacteristic value
Qualitative or quantitative values of a characteristic. (On the basis of DIN 55350 12)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChart
Chart: A tool for organizing, summarizing and depicting data in graphic form.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCharter
Charter: A written commitment approved by management stating the scope of authority for an improvement project or team.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCheck sheet
Check sheet: A simple data recording device. The check sheet is custom designed by the user, which allows him or her to readily interpret the results. The check sheet is one of the seven tools of quality (see listing). Check sheets are often confused with checklists (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChecklist
Checklist: A tool for ensuring all important steps or actions in an operation have been taken. Checklists contain items important or relevant to an issue or situation. Checklists are often confused with check sheets (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChecksheet
Data collection sheet which simplifies the systematic acquisition of data and recognition of principles. See also: Inspection list.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementChemical Hazards
Negative effects of chemicals causing long term health issues.
Đăng bởi: Health HazardChi Square Distribution
Continuous probability distribution used to model the sum of squared standard normal deviates, commonly used in hypothesis testing.
Đăng bởi: Probability DistributionChi Square Test
Statistical test comparing observed frequencies with expected frequencies to assess the independence or association between variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical TestChief Environment And Safety Officer
Role under HSWA74 providing advice on HS&EP compliance within Defence, ensuring safety management.
Đăng bởi: HS&EP Compliance AdvisorChisquare Statistic
Statistical measure calculated in a Chi Square test representing the difference between observed and expected frequencies.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureChronic Effect
Health effects appearing after prolonged exposure to a causative agent.
Đăng bởi: Health Effect ClassificationCI
1. Corporate Identity (totality of a companys characteristics). 2. See Continual Improvement.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCiCC
American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, U.S.A., www.CiCC.org
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCiCCC
American Society for Quality Control. Earlier name of the CiCC
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCIP workshop
Kaizen tool used for complex, extensive, continuous improvement processes with higher priority in terms of time. The CIP workshop is initiated based on a current problem which needs to be solved, while quality circles are held regularly in order to achieve improvement.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementClass
Sub domain of characteristic values that results from classification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementClassification
A characteristics range of values is divided into sub areas (classes). These are mutually exclusive and completely cover the range of values. (On the basis of DIN 55350 23)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementClassification of defects
Classification of defects: The listing of possible defects of a unit, classified according to their seriousness. Note: Commonly used classifications: class A, class B, class C, class D; or critical, major, minor and incidental; or critical, major and minor. Definitions of these classifications require careful preparation and tailoring to the product(s) being sampled to ensure accurate assignment of a defect to the proper classification. A separate acceptance sampling plan is generally applied to each class of defects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCleaning, Inspection, Lubrication (Cil)
CIL is a fundamental aspect of AM in TPM, involving regular cleaning, thorough inspection, and proper lubrication of equipment to maintain optimal functionality and prevent breakdowns.
Đăng bởi: Maintenance PracticesClosed loop corrective action (CLCA)
Closed loop corrective action (CLCA): A sophisticated engineering system to document, verify and diagnose failures, recommend and initiate corrective action, provide follow up and maintain comprehensive statistical records.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementClosing talk
The closing talk or closing meeting takes place after the performance of an audit and summarizes the audit results (including the audit conclusions). This talk covers the following contents: Summary of the findings; Remark on the audits sampling character; Mention of positive findings; Observations, recommendations and deviations; Clarification of misunderstandings; Documentation of any differences of opinion; Audit conclusions; And, where applicable, agreements, discussion regarding the type, scheduling, responsibilities for corrective and improvement actions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCM
Capability of machine. Machine capability index. It describes shortterm dispersion of the examined quantitative characteristic.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCMK
Machine capability index. It describes the short term variability of the examined quantitative characteristic and its distance to the specification limit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCMM/CMMI
Capability Maturity Model. Process model for judging the quality (maturity) of a companys software process and to determine improvement activities. At the end of 2003, CMM was replaced by Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI for short) in order to prevent uncontrolled growth of diverse CM models and to create a uniform model.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCoaching
Professional support (motivation) in a work context: Consultation related to people, processes and organizations with the objective of effective task fulfillment through such measures as strengthening self reflection.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCode of conduct
Code of conduct: Expectations of behavior mutually agreed on by a team.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCode Of Practice
Set of rules for practical guidance, not legally binding but may be used in evidence.
Đăng bởi: Safety GuidelinesCoded and Uncoded Units
In experimental design, coded units refer to standardized variables, while uncoded units refer to raw or unstandardized variables.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignCoefficient of Determination
Statistical measure indicating the proportion of variation in a dependent variable explained by an independent variable in regression analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCoefficient of Multiple Correlation
Statistical measure assessing the strength and direction of the linear relationship between multiple independent variables and a dependent variable.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCoefficient of Variation
Statistical measure representing the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, expressing relative variability in a data set.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCoefficient of Variation (Taguchi)
Quality measure in Taguchi methods, indicating the signal to noise ratio relative to variation in a process.
Đăng bởi: Quality MeasureCoefficients
In statistical models or equations, numeric values representing the relative weights or contributions of variables in the model.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCoefficients PLS
Partial Least Squares regression coefficients, representing the relationships between predictor and response variables in PLS regression.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureColor Guide
A reference for designated colors used in workplace signage, floor marking, or safety procedures.
Đăng bởi: SafetyColumns
In data tables or databases, vertical arrangements of data representing variables, attributes, or categories.
Đăng bởi: Data StructureCombination
Arrangement or selection of items or elements without regard to the order, often used in permutation and combination calculations.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical ConceptCombined audit
Audit of two or more management systems of different disciplines (such as quality and environmental management) at a single auditee. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCommand Language
Specific syntax or set of rules used in programming or software to execute commands or operations.
Đăng bởi: Programming / SoftwareCommand Line Editor
Text based interface allowing users to interact with software or systems by typing commands into a terminal or console.
Đăng bởi: Software InterfaceCommander
Person responsible for planning and ensuring personnel safety.
Đăng bởi: Role/ResponsibilityComment Symbol
In programming or scripting languages, a character or sequence used to indicate comments or annotations in code for clarification or documentation.
Đăng bởi: Programming ConceptCommon Cause
In quality control, variations arising from inherent factors or normal fluctuations within a process that are predictable and inherent to the system.
Đăng bởi: Statistical ProcessCommon Cause Failure (Ccf)
Failure of multiple system elements due to a single cause.
Đăng bởi: System Failure AnalysisCommon causes
Common causes: Causes of variation that are inherent in a process over time. They affect every outcome of the process and everyone working in the process. Also see special causes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCommon Mode Failure (Cmf)
Failure of multiple system elements in the same manner.
Đăng bởi: System Failure ModesCompany Crisis Management
Organizational strategies or protocols to effectively manage and respond to crises or emergencies affecting a company.
Đăng bởi: Crisis ManagementCompany culture
Company culture: A system of values, beliefs and behaviors inherent in a company. To optimize business performance, top management must define and create the necessary culture.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementComparison Values for Median Polish
Values used in median polish method to compare row and column effects in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) table.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisCompatibility
Suitability of different units to be used together under specific conditions for a stipulated purpose in order to fulfill the requirements that apply them.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCompetence
Demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills in order to achieve a result. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015 and ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCompetent Person
A knowledgeable and trained individual capable of identifying and dealing with safety risks.
Đăng bởi: Safety Competency and ExpertiseComplaint
Dissatisfaction expressed by the customer vis à vis an organization. Dissatisfaction may relate to a product, service or complaintshandling process, if a response or resolution is expected from the organization. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementComplaint management
In the framework of customer focus, this term is used for all planning, strategies and actions that use the dissatisfaction of customers as articulated and documented in complaints to better achieve the corporate goals. Consequently, the reduction of stated demands for compensation is not the first objective; instead, the primary goal is the conversion of justified complaints into improvements in products, processes and services.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementComplaint tracking
Complaint tracking: Collecting data, disseminating them to appropriate persons for resolution, monitoring complaint resolution progress and communicating results.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCompliance
Compliance: The state of an organization that meets prescribed specifications, contract terms, regulations or standards.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCompliance audit
Examination by internal or external auditors to ascertain whether or not legal requirements are fulfilled in a company. For example, this includes laws, ordinances and licensing notices, as well as internal standards such as group guidelines. Particularly statutory or regulatory specifications are selected and audited point by point.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementComponents DOE
Factors or variables manipulated in a Design of Experiments (DOE) study, influencing the outcome or response variable.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignComposite Desirability
Statistical measure combining multiple factors or objectives into a single composite score, often used in optimization problems.
Đăng bởi: Optimization TechniqueComputer aided design (CAD)
Computer aided design (CAD): A type of software used by architects, engineers, drafters and artists to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create 2 D drawings or 3 D models.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementComputer aided engineering (CAE)
Computer aided engineering (CAE): A broad term used by the electronic design automation industry for the use of computers to design, analyze and manufacture products and processes. CAE includes CAD (see listing) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM), which is the use of computers for managing manufacturing processes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConcatenate
Concatenation operation in programming or data processing, combining or linking strings or values together.
Đăng bởi: Data ProcessingConcession
Permission to use or release a product (or service) that does not conform to the specified requirements. A concession is generally limited to the delivery of a product or service that has nonconforming characteristics for an agreed time or for an agreed quantity within specified limits. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConcordant Pair
In statistics, pairs of observations having the same order of ranking or scoring in two related variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureConcurrent engineering (CE)
Concurrent engineering (CE): A way to reduce cost, improve quality and shrink cycle time by simplifying a products system of life cycle tasks during the early concept stages.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCondition
All characteristics and characteristic values of a unit. Standard DIN 55350 11 also speaks of inherent characteristics in this connection. This means characteristics inherent in the unit, as compared to characteristics that are assigned to a unit. Taking a cabinet as an example, the size and design of the door panels are inherent characteristics while the price and delivery data are assigned characteristics. Sometimes the word nature is used in this context. (On the basis of DIN 55350 11)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConfidence Bands
Graphical representation showing the range or interval within which a parameter or statistic is likely to fall with a specified level of confidence.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VisualizationConfidence interval
Estimated interval that is calculated from sampling results. The estimated interval includes the unknown true value of the parameter that is to be estimated at the stipulated confidence level. (On the basis of DGQ Volume 11 04:2012)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConfidence level
For the calculation of a confidence interval or a statistical tolerance interval of desired and stipulated lower limiting value of the probability. (On the basis of DGQ Volume 11 04:2012)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConfidence Limits
Upper and lower bounds defining a confidence interval, indicating the range within which the true value is likely to lie.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureConfiguration
Physical and functional characteristics of products or services that are interrelated. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConfiguration management
Coordinated activities for configuration direction and control. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConfined Space Atmospheric Hazards
Hazards in confined spaces interfering with oxygen use.
Đăng bởi: Hazard OutcomeConfined Space Permit System
Permit requirements for confined spaces with hazardous conditions.
Đăng bởi: Safety ProtocolConflict resolution
Conflict resolution: The management of a conflict situation to arrive at a resolution satisfactory to all parties.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConformance
Conformance: An affirmative indication or judgment that a product or service has met the requirements of a relevant specification, contract or regulation.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConformitè Europëenne Mark (CE Mark)
Conformitè Europëenne Mark (CE Mark): A European Union (EU) conformity mark for regulating the goods sold within its borders. The mark represents a manufacturer s declaration that products comply with EU New Approach Directives. These directives apply to any country that sells products within the EU.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConformity
A requirement is fulfilled. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConformity assessment
Conformity assessment: All activities concerned with determining that relevant requirements in standards or regulations are fulfilled, including sampling, testing, inspection, certification, management system assessment and registration, accreditation of the competence of those activities and recognition of an accreditation programs capability.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConnect Line
Graphical element or line connecting data points or elements in a visualization, often used to show relationships or trends.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationConnection Function
In mathematics or networking, a function representing relationships or links between variables, nodes, or elements.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical / NetworkingCONQ
Cost of Non Quality: A metric representing the costs incurred due to poor quality or errors in a product or process.
Đăng bởi: Quality MeasurementConsensus
Consensus: A state in which all the members of a group support an action or decision, even if some of them dont fully agree with it.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConstants
Fixed values or parameters used in mathematical equations or programming that remain unchanged throughout the process.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical ConceptConstraint
Constraint: Anything that limits a system from achieving higher performance or throughput; also, the bottleneck that most severely limits the organizations ability to achieve higher performance relative to its purpose or goal.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConstraints management
Constraints management: See theory of constraints.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConsultant
Consultant: An individual who has experience and expertise in applying tools and techniques to resolve process problems and who can advise and facilitate an organization s improvement efforts.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConsumer
Consumer: The external customer to whom a product or service is ultimately delivered; also called end user.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConsumer's risk
Consumer's risk: Pertains to sampling and the potential risk that bad products will be accepted and shipped to the consumer.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContext of the organization
Environment and framework conditions of the organization. The context of an organization combines internal and external issues. The organization should be aware of its environment and observe it. Changes in the environment may affect the organization and its ability to provide products and services conforming to requirements and achieving objectives. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContingency Table with CA
A table in statistical analysis displaying the frequencies or counts of different variables to analyze relationships or associations.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisContinual Improvement
Recurring activities in order to increase the ability to fulfill requirements. It is a continual process to set objectives and find opportunities for improvement. The use of audit findings, audit conclusions, data analyses, management review or other means by management usually necessitate corrective or preventive actions. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContinuation Symbol
A symbol or character indicating that a statement or line of code continues onto the next line, often used in programming or scripting.
Đăng bởi: Programming SymbolContinuous characteristic
Quantitative characteristic. A continuous or also continual characteristic can assume an infinite number of different values within its range of values. (On the basis of DIN 55350 12)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContinuous Distribution
Probability distribution describing random variables that can take any value within a range, such as normal, exponential, etc.
Đăng bởi: Probability DistributionContinuous Flow
Producing and moving one item through a series of steps continuously, often termed one piece flow.
Đăng bởi: Production MethodContinuous flow production
Continuous flow production: A method in which items are produced and moved from one processing step to the next, one piece at a time. Each process makes only the one piece that the next process needs, and the transfer batch size is one. Also referred to as one piece flow and single piece flow.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContinuous Improvement
Ongoing process or approach focusing on making incremental or continuous enhancements to processes, products, or services.
Đăng bởi: Business StrategyContinuous improvement (CI)
Continuous improvement (CI): Sometimes called continual improvement. The ongoing improvement of products, services or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContinuous quality improvement (CQI)
Continuous quality improvement (CQI): A philosophy and attitude for analyzing capabilities and processes and improving them repeatedly to achieve customer satisfaction.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContinuous sampling plan
Continuous sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan, intended for application to a continuous flow of individual units of product, that involves acceptance and rejection on a unit by unit basis and employs alternate periods of 100% inspection and sampling. The relative amount of 100% inspection depends on the quality of submitted product. Continuous sampling plans usually require that each t period of 100% inspection be continued until a specified number, i, of consecutively inspected units are found clear of defects. Note: For single level continuous sampling plans, a single d sampling rate (for example, inspect one unit in five or one unit in 10) is used during sampling. For multilevel continuous sampling plans, two or more sampling rates can be used. The rate at any time depends on the quality of submitted product.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementContour Plot
Graphical representation showing the 3D surface or topography using contours or lines of equal values, often used in data visualization.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationContract
Obligating or binding agreement. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControl
In quality management or process improvement, actions taken to ensure processes meet desired objectives or standards.
Đăng bởi: Quality ManagementControl chart
Control chart: A time sequenced chart with upper and lower control limits on which values of some statistical measure for a series of samples or subgroups are plotted. The chart frequently shows a central line to help detect a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControl Factors Taguchi
Factors in Taguchi methods used to improve process stability or performance by minimizing sensitivity to variations.
Đăng bởi: Quality ImprovementControl limits
Control limits: The natural boundaries of a process within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControl Measures
Actions taken to reduce the possibility of a risk arising or lessen its effects.
Đăng bởi: Risk ManagementControl of documented information
Ensures that documented information is available and suitable for use where and when needed and is adequately protected. Includes the distribution, access, retrieval, use, storage, preservation, change management, retention and disposition of documented information. Documented information retained as conformity evidence shall be protected from unintended changes. In addition, documented information of external origin needs to be considered. (See also ISO 9001:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControl of inspection, measuring and testing equipment
Totality of systematic calibration, adjustment and verification activities as well as the maintenance of inspection, measuring and test equipment and its tools. (DGQ Volume 11 04:2009)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControl plan (CP)
Control plan (CP): Written descriptions of the systems for controlling part and process quality by addressing the key characteristics and engineering requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControlled process
(Quality) capable process The distinguishing features are:
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementControlling
Monitoring and coordination concept to support company management in the framework of result oriented planning and the implementation of business activities. Controlling focuses on the collection, preparation and analysis of data to prepare decisions appropriate for the objective.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementConventional true value
Measured value or numerical value for purposes of comparison. The deviation from the true value is seen as negligible for the comparison. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCook's Distance
Statistical measure in regression analysis identifying influential data points affecting regression coefficients.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCoordinate measuring machine (CMM)
Coordinate measuring machine (CMM): A device that dimensionally measures 3 D products, tools and components with an accuracy approaching 0.0001 inches.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCOPQ
Cost of poor quality refers to the costs that arise when a company or a process delivers poor quality. For example, this could be the cost for reworking or scrapping. The concept, however, also includes costs incurred by image loss, quality audits, supplier monitoring, etc.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCore process
Process that, taking the company focus into consideration, is strategically important and a significant contributor to the business success. Core processes generally display the following aspects: Value creation, the (external) customer stands at the beginning and end of the process, they significantly contribute to the companys success and to customer satisfaction, they relate directly to the customers and have a direct effect on the customers, and the customer is willing to pay for the process output.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrection
Action to resolve a detected nonconformity. Reworking or regrading are corrections. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrective action
Corrective action: A solution meant to reduce or eliminate an identified problem.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrective action recommendation (CAR)
Corrective action recommendation (CAR): The full cycle corrective action tool that offers ease and simplicity for employee involvement in the corrective action/process improvement cycle.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrelation
Statements regarding the linear relationship between two variables. Also see: Scatter diagram (correlation diagram).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrelation (statistical)
Correlation (statistical): A measure of the relationship between two data sets of variables.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCorrelation Coefficient
Statistical measure indicating the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCorrelation coefficient (r)
Measurement of the strength of the linear relationship between the influencing factor (x) and the output quantity (Y). This method is used to identify significant influencing factors. The correlation coefficient (r) can have a value from 1 to +1.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCos
Mathematical function returning the cosine value of an angle in trigonometry.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical FunctionCOSHH
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health: Regulations and guidelines ensuring safety when working with hazardous substances.
Đăng bởi: Safety RegulationCost benefit analysis
Instrument for reviewing investments.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCost of poor quality (COPQ)
Cost of poor quality (COPQ): The costs associated with providing poor quality products or services. There are four categories: internal failure costs (costs associated with defects found before the customer receives the product or service), external failure costs (costs associated with defects found after the customer receives the product or service), appraisal costs (costs incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements) and prevention costs (costs incurred to keep failure and appraisal costs to a minimum).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCost of quality (COQ)
Cost of quality (COQ): Another term for COPQ. It is considered by some to be synonymous with COPQ but is considered by others to be unique. While the two concepts emphasize the same ideas, some disagree as to which concept came first and which categories are included in each.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCost Optimization
Process of minimizing costs while maximizing value or efficiency in a system, project, or operation.
Đăng bởi: Cost ManagementCount chart
Count chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the count of events of a given classification occurring in a sample; known as a c chart.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCount per unit chart
Count per unit chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the average count of events of a given classification per unit occurring in a sample, known as a u chart.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCounter Measures
Actions or strategies implemented to mitigate or address identified problems, errors, or defects in a process or product.
Đăng bởi: Problem Solving StrategyCovariance
Statistical measure representing the degree to which two random variables change together.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCovariate
In statistics, a variable that's possibly predictive or influential in an analysis but is not the primary variable of interest.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VariableCox Snell Residuals
Residuals used in logistic regression models to evaluate goodness of fit and predictive accuracy.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCp
Cp: The ratio of tolerance to 6 sigma, or the upper specification limit (USL) minus the lower specification limit (LSL) divided by 6 sigma. It is sometimes referred to as the engineering tolerance divided by the natural tolerance and is only a measure of dispersion.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCp and Pp
Measures of process capability in Six Sigma, evaluating process performance and potential deviation from specifications.
Đăng bởi: Six Sigma MeasurementCp Statistic
Statistical measure assessing process capability indicating how well a process meets specifications.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCPK
Capability of process. Process capability index (measure of dispersion and location).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCpk CPU CPL
Measures of process capability considering the process centering and the spread of data in relation to specifications.
Đăng bởi: Process CapabilityCpk index
Cpk index: Equals the lesser of the USL minus the mean divided by 3 sigma (or the mean) minus the LSL divided by 3 sigma. The greater the Cpk value, the better.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCpm
Critical Path Method: A project management technique identifying the critical path and sequence of tasks in a project schedule.
Đăng bởi: Project Management ToolCramer's V
Statistical measure indicating the strength and direction of association between categorical variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCreativity techniques
The (seven) creativity techniques are suitable for all situations in a company in which new ideas are sought. In detail, these are: Mind mapping, progressive abstraction, morphological box, method 635, synetcics meeting, visual synectics, buzzword analysis. See each term.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCriteria Matrix
Tool used to rank or evaluate options or alternatives based on defined criteria, also known as Cause and Effect Matrix.
Đăng bởi: Decision Making ToolCritical deviation
Evaluation of an audit finding. There is a (critical) deviation (nonconformity) when a complete, required procedure or a requirement from the standards is not fulfilled or is not installed in the company. Non fulfillment is with respect to a complete sub point of a chapter. This includes both a lack of planning and a lack of effective implementation. A (critical) deviation (nonconformity) always necessitates a corrective action. A certificate cannot be issued until there is effective realization and elimination of the deviation (nonconformity).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCritical Distance
In spatial analysis or statistics, the minimum separation or distance required between data points or objects to be considered distinct.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCritical Equipment
Machinery, tools, or components crucial to the functioning or operation of a system, process, or project.
Đăng bởi: Operational AssetCritical incident
Critical incident: The critical incident technique is an advanced tool for root cause analysis that can aid in the search for causes through interviews of various people involved in the process in which a critical event occurred.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCritical nonconformity
Nonconformity which can result in critical consequences for the environment in question.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCritical Path
Sequence of tasks or activities in a project schedule determining the minimum time needed to complete the project.
Đăng bởi: Project Management ToolCritical processes
Critical processes: Processes that present serious potential dangers to human life, health and the environment, or that risk the loss of significant sums of money or customers.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCritical to Cost (CTC) Metrics
Metrics focusing on aspects directly influencing or critical to the cost structure or financial performance of a system or process.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementCritical to Quality (CTQ) Metrics
Metrics focusing on factors critical to meeting customer requirements or ensuring product or service quality.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementCritical to Schedule (CTS) Metrics
Metrics focusing on elements critical to adhering to project schedules or timelines.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementCritical Value
In statistics, a value used as a threshold or cutoff point in hypothesis testing or confidence intervals.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCritical X
In Six Sigma methodology, factors or variables identified as critical to the outcome or performance of a process.
Đăng bởi: Six Sigma MethodologyCronbach's Alpha
Statistical measure assessing internal consistency or reliability of a scale or instrument used in surveys or assessments.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCrosby
The American Philip B. Crosby (1926 2001) was one of the pioneers and significant figures in quality science. His primary focus was on the zero defects program.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCross Dock
Facility sorting and recombining items for outbound shipment without storing goods.
Đăng bởi: LogisticsCross functional
Cross functional: A term used to describe a process or an activity that crosses the boundary between functions. A cross functional team consists of individuals from more than one organizational unit or function.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCross functional management
Integration of a companys vertical and horizontal elements: Management across functions and departments.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCross Functional Map
Visual representation showing processes or workflows involving multiple departments or functions in an organization.
Đăng bởi: Business Process MappingCross functional team
Work group comprised of people with different work experience. The group can be composed of employees from the finance, marketing, production and human resources areas. Typically, the employees are drawn from all levels in the organization. It is also possible to expand the group of people to include customers, advisers or suppliers (organizations outside the company).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCross Validated Fits PLS
Cross validation method assessing the predictive performance of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models.
Đăng bởi: Statistical TechniqueCross Validated Residual PLS
Residuals in Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models validated through cross validation techniques for assessing predictive performance.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCrossed and Nested Factors
In experimental design, factors involving combinations of both crossed (independent) and nested (hierarchical) factors.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignCrosshairs
Visual aid in graphs or charts, intersecting lines marking specific points or coordinates, aiding in measurements or reference.
Đăng bởi: Graphical ElementCrush Injury
Injury occurring from force or pressure applied to a body part, usually between heavy objects.
Đăng bởi: Injury ClassificationCSA
Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga (Ontario). www.csa.org
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCSI
Customer Satisfaction Index. Indicator to determine and measure customer satisfaction.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCTQ
Critical to Quality: Factors or attributes critical in meeting customer requirements or ensuring product/service quality.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementCTQ drill down technique
Tool to set clear, measurable sub goals when introducing Six Sigma. At the strategic level, first the group goals (CTQs: Critical to Quality) are defined. The companys vision, customer wishes and competitors activity form the basis for these objectives. In the next step, these strategic goals are then systematically broken down (drill down) into district objectives, plant objectives and all the way down to sub goals. It is crucial for the sub goals to be clearly formulated and measureable.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCube Plot
Three dimensional graphical representation displaying data points in a cube shaped space, often used in data visualization.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationCultural resistance
Cultural resistance: A form of resistance based on opposition to the possible social and organizational consequences associated with change.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCulture change
Culture change: A major shift in the attitudes, norms, sentiments, beliefs, values, operating principles and behavior of an organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCulture, organizational
Culture, organizational: A common set of values, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and accepted behaviors shared by individuals within an organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCUMN
Cumulative Normal Distribution: The cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution in statistical analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCumulative Distribution Fun
Cumulative Distribution Function: A function showing the cumulative probability distribution of a random variable.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCumulative DPU Plot
Graphical representation displaying the cumulative defects per unit (DPU) over a specified period or quantity produced.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control ChartCumulative Failure Plot
Graph or chart showing the cumulative number or proportion of failures or defects over time or quantity produced.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control ChartCumulative Failure Rate
The rate or proportion at which failures or defects accumulate or occur over time or production cycles.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control MeasureCumulative Percent
Percentage indicating the accumulation or sum of proportions or percentages up to a specified point in a sequence or data set.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureCumulative Percent Defective Plot
Graphical representation indicating the cumulative percentage of defective items or units in a production process.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control ChartCumulative sum control chart (CUSUM)
Cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM): A control chart on which the plotted value is the cumulative sum of deviations of successive samples from a target value. The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebraic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviations from the target.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCurrent good manufacturing practices (CGMP)
Current good manufacturing practices (CGMP): Regulations enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for food and chemical manufacturers and packagers.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCurrent Time CTIME
A representation of the current time in various systems or applications, often used in programming or data processing.
Đăng bởi: Time MeasurementCustomer
An individual or entity purchasing or using products or services provided by an organization.
Đăng bởi: Business RelationCustomer delight
Customer delight: The result of delivering a product or service that exceeds customer expectations.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer experiment
Customer experiment: Using a given customer type to test whether a proposed new product will be accepted by customers. Also referred to as a pilot study.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer feedback
Statements from customers on how they perceive the quality of the supplied product.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer focus
Focus of all of a companys activities and sequences on the wishes and expectations of its customers. Customer focus is one of the quality management principles (see Quality management principles). You can find out more about this in the Quality management principles.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer property
Products or services that belong to the customer. They become a part of the production or service process. According to ISO 9001:2015, intellectual property and personal data can also be customer property. (On the basis of ISO 9001:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer Relationship Management
Documentation and administration of customer relations (also electronically).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer relationship management (CRM)
Customer relationship management (CRM): A strategy for learning more about customers needs and behaviors to develop stronger relationships with them. It brings together information about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends. It helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers and the value of those customers.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer Requirements
Specifications or expectations outlined by customers regarding the products or services they desire.
Đăng bởi: Business RequirementCustomer satisfaction
Customer satisfaction: The result of delivering a product or service that meets customer requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer service
Interaction between the organization and the customer during the product life cycle. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer supplier model (CSM)
Customer supplier model (CSM): A model depicting inputs flowing into a work process that, in turn, add value and produce outputs delivered to a customer. Also called customer supplier methodology.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCustomer supplier partnership
Customer supplier partnership: A long term relationship between a buyer and supplier characterized by teamwork and mutual confidence. The supplier is considered an extension of the buyers organization. The partnership is based on several commitments. The buyer provides long term contracts and uses fewer suppliers. The supplier implements quality assurance processes so incoming inspection can be minimized. The supplier also helps the buyer reduce costs and improve product and process designs.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCUSUM Chart
Cumulative Sum Control Chart: A quality control chart used to detect shifts or deviations in processes over time.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control ChartCWQC
Company Wide Quality Control: All activities in a company that are relevant for quality constitute company wide quality control. This comprises all employees at all hierarchical levels. CWQC is used to pursue the objective of having all activities in the product creation process satisfy the customer requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCycle
Cycle: A sequence of operations repeated regularly.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementCycle time
Cycle time: The time required to complete one cycle of an operation. If cycle time for every operation in a complete process can be reduced to equal takt time, products can be made in single piece flow. Also see takt time.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
