📖 THUẬT NGỮ

Từ Điển Lean Six Sigma

100 thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Lean Six Sigma, TPM, TQM, 5S/6S Kaizen

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D (100)

English	Tiếng Việt
Date:________________	Date: ________________
Date:________________ \| Date: ________________ \| Date: ________________	Date:________________ \| Date: ________________ \| Date: ________________

Date:________________ — Date: ________________

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
DAU/MAU ratio	12%
DAU/MAU ratio \| 12% \| 28% \| +133%	DAU/MAU ratio \| 12% \| 28% \| +133%

DAU/MAU ratio — 12%

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Days sales outstanding	45-60
Days sales outstanding \| 45-60 \| 20-30	Days sales outstanding \| 45-60 \| 20-30

Days sales outstanding — 45-60

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Debrief	What
Debrief: What did we see? What did we learn?	Debrief: What did we see? What did we learn?

Debrief — What

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Decision	AI-assisted, data-driven, fast
Decision \| AI-assisted, data-driven, fast \| Human-based, experience-driven, slow	Decision \| AI-assisted, data-driven, fast \| Human-based, experience-driven, slow

Decision — AI-assisted, data-driven, fast

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Decision making	Front-line (empowered)
Decision making \| Front-line (empowered) \| Supervisor (centralized)	Decision making \| Front-line (empowered) \| Supervisor (centralized)

Decision making — Front-line (empowered)

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Decision Points	Diamonds in flowchart
Decision Points \| Diamonds in flowchart \| Minimize complexity	Decision Points \| Diamonds in flowchart \| Minimize complexity

Decision Points — Diamonds in flowchart

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Decision Speed	Information available, action delayed
Decision Speed \| Information available, action delayed \| Information + action in same room, same meeting	Decision Speed \| Information available, action delayed \| Information + action in same room, same meeting

Decision Speed — Information available, action delayed

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Decision-Making Framework	Khung Ra quyết định
A structured approach to making consistent, high-quality decisions across the organization.	Cách tiếp cận có cấu trúc để đưa ra quyết định nhất quán, chất lượng cao trên toàn tổ chức.

Decision-Making Framework — Khung Ra quyết định

📂 Leadership / Strategy

English	Tiếng Việt
Decline	Legacy support
Decline \| Legacy support \| Cost reduction \| None \| All remaining	Decline \| Legacy support \| Cost reduction \| None \| All remaining

Decline — Legacy support

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Deep Learning	Học Sâu
A subset of machine learning using neural networks with many layers to analyze complex patterns.	Một phần con của học máy sử dụng mạng nơ-ron với nhiều lớp để phân tích các mẫu phức tạp.

Deep Learning — Học Sâu

📂 AI / Machine Learning in Manufacturing

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Cause	Track root cause categories
Defect Cause \| Track root cause categories \| Material: 5, Machine: 12, Method: 8	Defect Cause \| Track root cause categories \| Material: 5, Machine: 12, Method: 8

Defect Cause — Track root cause categories

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Check Sheet	Categorize defects
Defect Check Sheet \| Categorize defects \| Scratch: 5, Dent: 3, Wrong part: 2	Defect Check Sheet \| Categorize defects \| Scratch: 5, Dent: 3, Wrong part: 2

Defect Check Sheet — Categorize defects

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect detection	End-of-line inspection
Defect detection \| End-of-line inspection \| At source (immediate)	Defect detection \| End-of-line inspection \| At source (immediate)

Defect detection — End-of-line inspection

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Impact	Entire batch affected
Defect Impact \| Entire batch affected \| 1 piece affected	Defect Impact \| Entire batch affected \| 1 piece affected

Defect Impact — Entire batch affected

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Location	Map defects on part drawing
Defect Location \| Map defects on part drawing \| Body panel defect map	Defect Location \| Map defects on part drawing \| Body panel defect map

Defect Location — Map defects on part drawing

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Reduction	Defects before FMEA vs after FMEA
Defect Reduction \| Defects before FMEA vs after FMEA \| > 50% reduction	Defect Reduction \| Defects before FMEA vs after FMEA \| > 50% reduction

Defect Reduction — Defects before FMEA vs after FMEA

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Defect Tracking	Type, Location, Count, Shift, Machine
Defect Tracking \| Type, Location, Count, Shift, Machine \| Per hour/shift	Defect Tracking \| Type, Location, Count, Shift, Machine \| Per hour/shift

Defect Tracking — Type, Location, Count, Shift, Machine

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defective Item	Count defects by type/location
Defective Item \| Count defects by type/location \| Scratch: 20, Dent: 9, Color off: 5	Defective Item \| Count defects by type/location \| Scratch: 20, Dent: 9, Color off: 5

Defective Item — Count defects by type/location

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Defects	Errors & rework
Defects \| Errors & rework \| Data entry errors, wrong reports, missing information, customer complaints	Defects \| Errors & rework \| Data entry errors, wrong reports, missing information, customer complaints

Defects — Errors & rework

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO)	Khuyết tật trên Một triệu Cơ hội (DPMO)
A Six Sigma metric measuring the number of defects in a process per one million opportunities for a defect to occur. DPMO = (Number of Defects / Total Opportunities) × 1,000,000.	Chỉ số Six Sigma đo số lượng khuyết tật trong quy trình trên một triệu cơ hội xảy ra khuyết tật. DPMO = (Số khuyết tật / Tổng cơ hội) × 1.000.000.

Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) — Khuyết tật trên Một triệu Cơ hội (DPMO)

📂 Six Sigma Tools

English	Tiếng Việt
Define	Measure
Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – Control	Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – Control

Define — Measure

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Define Phase	Giai đoạn Định nghĩa
The first phase of DMAIC where the problem, project goals, customer requirements, and scope are clearly defined. Output includes project charter and SIPOC diagram.	Giai đoạn đầu tiên của DMAIC trong đó vấn đề, mục tiêu dự án, yêu cầu khách hàng và phạm vi được xác định rõ ràng. Đầu ra bao gồm điều lệ dự án và sơ đồ SIPOC.

Define Phase — Giai đoạn Định nghĩa

📂 Six Sigma DMAIC

English	Tiếng Việt
Definition of Done (DoD)	Tiêu chí Hoàn thành (DoD)
A shared understanding of what it means for work to be complete, agreed upon by the team.	Hiểu chung về ý nghĩa của việc hoàn thành công việc, được nhóm đồng ý.

Definition of Done (DoD) — Tiêu chí Hoàn thành (DoD)

📂 Agile/Scrum/Kanban

English	Tiếng Việt
Degrees of Freedom (df)	Bậc tự do (df)
The number of independent pieces of information used to estimate another piece of information. Related to sample size and number of parameters estimated.	Số lượng thông tin độc lập được sử dụng để ước tính một phần thông tin khác. Liên quan đến kích thước mẫu và số lượng tham số ước tính.

Degrees of Freedom (df) — Bậc tự do (df)

📂 Hypothesis Testing

English	Tiếng Việt
Delay	Wait
Delay \| Wait \| Queue, hold time \| Wait for approval	Delay \| Wait \| Queue, hold time \| Wait for approval

Delay — Wait

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Deliverable	Center
Deliverable: Center of Excellence (CoE), internal trainers, sustainability plan.	Deliverable: Center of Excellence (CoE), internal trainers, sustainability plan.

Deliverable — Center

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Delivery (OTD %)	> 98%
Delivery (OTD %) \| > 98% \| 30%	Delivery (OTD %) \| > 98% \| 30%

Delivery (OTD %) — > 98%

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Delivery	OTD%, schedule adherence, shipping
Delivery \| OTD%, schedule adherence, shipping \| Daily \| Green > 98%, Red < 95%	Delivery \| OTD%, schedule adherence, shipping \| Daily \| Green > 98%, Red < 95%

Delivery — OTD%, schedule adherence, shipping

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Delphi Technique	Kỹ thuật Delphi
A structured communication method using multiple rounds of questionnaires with a panel of experts. Responses are anonymized and summarized between rounds to reach convergence.	Phương pháp giao tiếp có cấu trúc sử dụng nhiều vòng khảo sát với nhóm chuyên gia. Câu trả lời được ẩn danh và tóm tắt giữa các vòng để đạt sự hội tụ.

Delphi Technique — Kỹ thuật Delphi

📂 Six Sigma Tools

English	Tiếng Việt
Demand Planning	Lập kế hoạch Nhu cầu
The process of forecasting customer demand to ensure products are available when needed.	Quy trình dự báo nhu cầu khách hàng để đảm bảo sản phẩm có sẵn khi cần.

Demand Planning — Lập kế hoạch Nhu cầu

📂 Supply Chain Management

English	Tiếng Việt
Deming Cycle	Chu trình Deming
Another name for PDCA, named after W. Edwards Deming.	Tên khác của PDCA, được đặt theo tên W. Edwards Deming.

Deming Cycle — Chu trình Deming

📂 A3 Thinking / PDCA / 8D

English	Tiếng Việt
Deming Prize	Giải thưởng Deming
A prestigious award recognizing outstanding quality management practices.	Giải thưởng danh giá công nhận các thực hành quản lý chất lượng xuất sắc.

Deming Prize — Giải thưởng Deming

📂 Business Excellence / Baldrige

English	Tiếng Việt
Department audit	Monthly (30 min)
Department audit \| Monthly (30 min) \| Manager + cross-functional	Department audit \| Monthly (30 min) \| Manager + cross-functional

Department audit — Monthly (30 min)

📂 Quality Management

English	Tiếng Việt
Departmental	Departments (Sales, Ops, Finance)
Departmental \| Departments (Sales, Ops, Finance) \| Cross-functional processes \| High-level steps	Departmental \| Departments (Sales, Ops, Finance) \| Cross-functional processes \| High-level steps

Departmental — Departments (Sales, Ops, Finance)

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Dependent	Do what told
Dependent \| Do what told \| Direct and control \| Month 1-3	Dependent \| Do what told \| Direct and control \| Month 1-3

Dependent — Do what told

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Dependent Variable (Response Variable)	Biến Phụ thuộc (Biến Phản hồi)
The variable whose value is being predicted or explained in a regression model. Denoted by Y.	Biến mà giá trị của nó đang được dự đoán hoặc giải thích trong mô hình hồi quy. Ký hiệu là Y.

Dependent Variable (Response Variable) — Biến Phụ thuộc (Biến Phản hồi)

📂 Regression Analysis

English	Tiếng Việt
Deploy frequency	30/ngày
Deploy frequency \| 1/tuần \| 30/ngày \| +2100%	Deploy frequency \| 1/tuần \| 30/ngày \| +2100%

Deploy frequency — 30/ngày

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Deploy	LiteSpeed + FTP
Deploy \| LiteSpeed + FTP \| High performance, CDN	Deploy \| LiteSpeed + FTP \| High performance, CDN

Deploy — LiteSpeed + FTP

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Deployment (Hoshin Kanri)	Triển khai (Hoshin Kanri)
Rolling out strategic plans throughout the organization.	Triển khai các kế hoạch chiến lược trong toàn tổ chức.

Deployment (Hoshin Kanri) — Triển khai (Hoshin Kanri)

📂 BSC / KPI / OKR / Hoshin Kanri

English	Tiếng Việt
Depreciation accuracy	85%
Depreciation accuracy \| 85% \| 99.8% \| +15%	Depreciation accuracy \| 85% \| 99.8% \| +15%

Depreciation accuracy — 85%

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Depth	System documentation
Depth \| System documentation \| Process capability, field performance	Depth \| System documentation \| Process capability, field performance

Depth — System documentation

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Design change	Upon change
Design change \| Upon change \| Design engineer	Design change \| Upon change \| Design engineer

Design change — Upon change

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design Cycle Reduction	> 25%
Design Cycle Reduction \| > 25% \| Concept to launch time	Design Cycle Reduction \| > 25% \| Concept to launch time

Design Cycle Reduction — > 25%

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design FMEA (DFMEA)	Design failure modes
Design FMEA (DFMEA) \| Design failure modes \| Design improvement priorities	Design FMEA (DFMEA) \| Design failure modes \| Design improvement priorities

Design FMEA (DFMEA) — Design failure modes

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Design for automation	Robotic-friendly geometry, consistent parts
Design for automation \| Robotic-friendly geometry, consistent parts \| Reduce labor 30-50%	Design for automation \| Robotic-friendly geometry, consistent parts \| Reduce labor 30-50%

Design for automation — Robotic-friendly geometry, consistent parts

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design for insertion	Chamfers, self-locating, snap-fits over screws
Design for insertion \| Chamfers, self-locating, snap-fits over screws \| Assembly time -50-70%	Design for insertion \| Chamfers, self-locating, snap-fits over screws \| Assembly time -50-70%

Design for insertion — Chamfers, self-locating, snap-fits over screws

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design of Experiments (DOE)	· Introduction to Design of Experiments
Design of Experiments (DOE) \| · Introduction to Design of Experiments	Design of Experiments (DOE) \| · Introduction to Design of Experiments

Design of Experiments (DOE) — · Introduction to Design of Experiments

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Design Points	Corners of cube
Design Points \| Corners of cube \| Center + face + axial points	Design Points \| Corners of cube \| Center + face + axial points

Design Points — Corners of cube

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design Records	Bản
Design Records – Bản vẽ thiết kế	Design Records – Bản vẽ thiết kế

Design Records — Bản

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design Space	Hyper-rectangle
Design Space \| Hyper-rectangle \| Simplex (triangle for 3 components)	Design Space \| Hyper-rectangle \| Simplex (triangle for 3 components)

Design Space — Hyper-rectangle

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Design-dev handoff time	1 ngày
Design-dev handoff time \| 5 ngày \| 1 ngày \| -80%	Design-dev handoff time \| 5 ngày \| 1 ngày \| -80%

Design-dev handoff time — 1 ngày

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Detail	5-8 steps
Detail \| 5-8 steps \| 10-30 steps \| Full data (time, WIP)	Detail \| 5-8 steps \| 10-30 steps \| Full data (time, WIP)

Detail — 5-8 steps

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Detail Level	Tactical, operational
Detail Level \| Tactical, operational \| Strategic, system	Detail Level \| Tactical, operational \| Strategic, system

Detail Level — Tactical, operational

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
Detailed Process Map	Bản đồ Quy trình Chi tiết
A comprehensive process map showing all steps, decision points, handoffs, delays, and data flows. Used during the Analyze phase to identify waste and variation.	Bản đồ quy trình toàn diện hiển thị tất cả các bước, điểm ra quyết định, chuyển giao, trì hoãn và luồng dữ liệu. Sử dụng trong giai đoạn Phân tích để xác định lãng phí và biến thiên.

Detailed Process Map — Bản đồ Quy trình Chi tiết

📂 Six Sigma Tools

English	Tiếng Việt
Detection	Detect error immediately
Detection \| Detect error immediately \| Sensor detects missing part, weight check \| High (stops before defect)	Detection \| Detect error immediately \| Sensor detects missing part, weight check \| High (stops before defect)

Detection — Detect error immediately

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Developer productivity	Low
Developer productivity \| Low \| High \| +200%	Developer productivity \| Low \| High \| +200%

Developer productivity — Low

📂 General

English	Tiếng Việt
Development	Training courses
Development \| Training courses \| Daily coaching on real problems	Development \| Training courses \| Daily coaching on real problems

Development — Training courses

📂 AI/Digital

English	Tiếng Việt
DFMEA	Design engineer
DFMEA \| Design engineer \| Missing failure modes	DFMEA \| Design engineer \| Missing failure modes

DFMEA — Design engineer

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Diamond	Decision
Diamond \| Decision \| Yes/No branch \| In stock? Approved?	Diamond \| Decision \| Yes/No branch \| In stock? Approved?

Diamond — Decision

📂 Six Sigma

English	Tiếng Việt
Digital 5S	6 tháng
Digital 5S \| 50-100 triệu \| 100-200 triệu \| 6 tháng	Digital 5S \| 50-100 triệu \| 100-200 triệu \| 6 tháng

Digital 5S — 6 tháng

📂 Lean

English	Tiếng Việt
Digital Dashboard	Bảng điều khiển Số
A visual display of key metrics and data points, providing real-time business insights.	Trực quan hiển thị các chỉ số chính và điểm dữ liệu, cung cấp thông tin kinh doanh thời gian thực.

Digital Dashboard — Bảng điều khiển Số