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There are currently 346 Glossary and Terminology in this directory beginning with the letter S.
S
s (or sd)
Symbol for the standard deviation, a measure of the dispersion or spread of values within a dataset.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureS chart
A control chart used to monitor the variability of a process over time based on the standard deviation.
Đăng bởi: Statistical ControlS Points
Potentially context dependent, referring to different meanings or uses based on specific contexts or industries.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentSAE International
SAE International: Professional organization of individual engineers and related disciplines; formerly Society for Automotive Engineers.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSafe
Not in danger or likely to be harmed. (Cambridge Dictionary definition).
Đăng bởi: Concept/ConditionSafe Equipment
Equipment with necessary safety documentation or safety case, ensuring minimal hazards.
Đăng bởi: Equipment SafetySafe Person
Individual adequately trained and informed to perform a specific activity safely.
Đăng bởi: Trained PersonnelSafe Place
Space where an activity is performed, considering potential effects on personnel and surroundings.
Đăng bởi: Safe Activity SpaceSafe Practices
Written procedures ensuring minimum risk during activities.
Đăng bởi: Standardized ProceduresSafe System Of Training
Part of a safe work system specifying conditions for training to ensure personnel competence.
Đăng bởi: Training/Work SystemsSafe System Of Work
Method to eliminate or reduce injury risk during work procedures.
Đăng bởi: Procedure/GuidelineSafety
Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm to persons or the environment.
Đăng bởi: Concept/PrincipleSafety (Added 6S)
Incorporates safety measures and protocols into the workplace to ensure the well being of employees.
Đăng bởi: Enhanced 5SSafety & Environment Management System
Organizational structure, processes, and methodologies for meeting safety or environmental requirements.
Đăng bởi: Safety and Environmental FrameworkSafety Assessment
Evaluation to identify system safety features and hazards.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/AssessmentSafety Audit
Systematic critical examination to minimize loss and assess performance.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/AssessmentSafety Case
Structured presentation confirming the safety of a system or operation.
Đăng bởi: DocumentationSafety Centre
Team supporting implementation of health, safety, and environmental strategies in a Defence organization.
Đăng bởi: Safety Management StructureSafety Committee
Representatives ensuring cooperation for employee health and safety.
Đăng bởi: Organizational CommitteeSafety Culture
Collective values and behaviors determining commitment to safety.
Đăng bởi: Organizational CultureSafety Inspection
Managerial assessment of safety standards in the workplace.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/AssessmentSafety Instrumented System (Sis)
Protection system intervening in a plant to ensure safety based on plant parameters.
Đăng bởi: System/EquipmentSafety Integrity Level (Sil)
Measure of safety system performance based on reliability.
Đăng bởi: Performance IndicatorSafety Lunches
Potentially a term referring to organized sessions or meetings to discuss safety related topics or practices.
Đăng bởi: Workplace SafetySafety management
All planning, actions or procedures that guarantee the safety of a company or organization and that are intended to limit effects and repercussions in the event that a disturbance occurs. The functions include threat and weak point analyses, formulation of safety objectives and actions, preparation of a safety concept and the specification of responsibilities in all areas. Safety management furthermore includes reviewing the safety concept implementation, performance of the planned actions, compliance with safety guidelines, and the effectiveness of the implemented safety actions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSafety management system
Procedures and processes to prevent breakdowns and to limit their effects. A safety management system regulates the following aspects: Organization and personnel; determination and evaluation of the risks of breakdowns; monitoring of the operation; safe performance of changes; planning for emergencies; monitoring the safety management system performance; and systematic examination and review.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSafety Management System (Sms)
Management for promoting a strong safety culture and high standards.
Đăng bởi: Management SystemSafety Monitoring
Periodic checks ensuring compliance with safety standards.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/AssessmentSafety Policy
Written statement outlining an employer's health and safety commitment.
Đăng bởi: Policy/StatementSafety Representative
Union appointed individual ensuring safety regulation compliance.
Đăng bởi: Representative RoleSafety Sampling
Systematic sampling of specific dangerous activities or areas.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/AssessmentSafety, Health And Environment (TPM)
A part of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) focusing on ensuring safety, health, and environmental standards in operations.
Đăng bởi: Maintenance and SafetySaikuru Taimu
Cycle time, operator cycle time is equal to total time required for a worker to complete one cycle of an assigned job process (including waiting, walking, etc.) and thus completing a workpiece to pass on to the next process, machine cycle time is equal the total time it takes a machine to complete one cycle (including workpiece loading and unloading times) and thus completing a workpiece to pass on to the next process
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISample
Sample: In acceptance sampling, one or more units of product (or a quantity of material) drawn from a lot for purposes of inspection to reach a decision regarding acceptance of the lot.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSample inspection
When a sample is subjected to a quality inspection. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSample n
The number of observations or entities included in a sample selected from a larger population.
Đăng bởi: Sampling and AnalysisSample size
The number of observations or individuals included in a sample, impacting the accuracy of inferences drawn from it.
Đăng bởi: Sampling and AnalysisSample size [n]
Sample size [n]: The number of units in a sample.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSample standard deviation chart (S chart)
Sample standard deviation chart (S chart): A control chart in which the subgroup standard deviation, s, is used to evaluate the stability of the variability within a process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSample variance
Sum of the squares of the deviations of the actual values from their arithmetic mean divided by one less than the number of actual values.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling
The process of selecting a subset (sample) from a larger population to draw conclusions or perform analysis.
Đăng bởi: Sampling and AnalysisSampling at random
Sampling at random: As commonly used in acceptance sampling theory, the process of selecting sample units so all units under consideration have the same probability of being selected. Note: Equal probabilities are not necessary for random sampling; what is necessary is that the probability of selection be ascertainable. However, the stated properties of published sampling tables are based on the assumption of random sampling with equal probabilities. An acceptable method of random selection with equal probabilities is the use of a table of random numbers in a standard manner.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling bias
Systematic error or distortion introduced in a sampling process, leading to a non representative sample.
Đăng bởi: Sampling and AnalysisSampling distribution
The distribution of a sample statistic derived from multiple samples taken from the same population.
Đăng bởi: Statistical DistributionSampling plan
Specification of the increments to be taken, samples to be constituted and measurements to be made. (On the basis of ISO 3534 2)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling risk
The risk associated with making inferences about a population based on a sample, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions.
Đăng bởi: Statistical InferenceSampling scheme
Combines sampling plans with sampling purposes. (On the basis of ISO 3534 2)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling size
Number of units that are withdrawn for a sample. Often the characteristic values found in the units are called a sample instead of the units of the sample. This can result in confusion with regard to the sampling size. Ultimately the number of the characteristic values and the number of sample units can be different. (On the basis of DIN 55350 14)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling, double
Sampling, double: Sampling inspection in which the inspection of the first sample leads to a decision to accept a lot, reject it or take a second sample; the inspection of a second sample, when required, then leads to a decision to accept or reject the lot.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling, multiple
Sampling, multiple: Sampling inspection in which, after each sample is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it or take another sample. But there is a prescribed maximum number of samples, after which a decision to accept or reject the lot must be reached. Note: Multiple sampling as defined here has sometimes been called sequential n sampling or truncated sequential e sampling. The term multiple sampling is recommended.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling, single
Sampling, single: Sampling inspection in which the decision to accept or reject a lot is based on the inspection of one sample.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSampling, unit
Sampling, unit: Sequential sampling inspection in which, after each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it or inspect another unit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSan Ke
3 D's (Dirty, Dangerous, and Difficult), the K's in Japanese stand for: KITANAI, KIKEN, and KITSUI
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISangenshugi
The 3 Reals (Reality, Real Place, Real Thing), the GEN's in Japanese stand for: GENJITSU, GEMBA, and GEMBUTSU
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISanitation At Temporary Workplaces
Requirements for sanitation in both stationary and temporary workplaces.
Đăng bởi: Safety ProcedureSanitizing
Sanitizing: English translation of seiso, one of the Japanese five Ss used for workplace organization. Sanitizing (also referred to as shining or sweeping) is the act of cleaning the work area. Dirt is often the root cause of premature equipment wear, safety problems and defects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSAP QM
SAP Quality Management: A module in the SAP ERP system focusing on quality control and assurance.
Đăng bởi: Quality Management SystemSAQ
Swiss Association for Quality, Kirchberg (Switzerland).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSatisfier
Satisfier: A term used to describe the quality level received by a customer when a product or service meets expectations.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSBAR
SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) is a verbal or written communication tool that helps provide essential, concise information, usually during crucial situations.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSBS
Simpler Business System: A methodology focusing on streamlining business processes and reducing complexity.
Đăng bởi: Business Process ImprovementSC
Potentially context dependent, could refer to different terms or acronyms based on specific industries or contexts.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentScatter diagram
Scatter diagram: A graphical technique to analyze the relationship between two variables. Two sets of data are plotted on a graph, with the y axis being used for the variable to be predicted and the x axis being used for the variable to make the prediction. The graph will show possible relationships (although two variables might appear to be related, they might not be; those who know most about the variables must make that evaluation). One of the seven tools of quality (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScatter Plot Glossary
Glossary or collection of terms related to scatter plots, a graphical representation showing relationships between two variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VisualizationScatter plot or diagram
A visual representation depicting the relationship or correlation between two variables through plotted points.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VisualizationSCC
Safety Certificate for Contractors. Requirements for safety, health and environmental management systems. Standard developed by the Dutch mineral oil and petroleum industry in 1989. The objective was to place uniform requirement criteria on the contractors safety management when awarding contracts for maintenance and installation work and construction projects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScientific management/approach
Scientific management/approach: A term referring to the intent to find and use the best way to perform tasks to improve quality, productivity and efficiency.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScope
The defined boundaries, objectives, and limitations of a project or process, outlining what is included and excluded.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementScope creep
The gradual expansion or changes beyond the original project scope, potentially leading to increased project complexity.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementScorecard
Scorecard: An evaluation device, usually in the form of a questionnaire, that specifies the criteria customers will use to rate your business performance in satisfying customer requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScrap
Action on a nonconforming product with the objective of precluding its originally intended use (e.g., by recycling, destruction). In the case of a nonconforming service situation, use is precluded by discontinuing the (provision of the) service. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScree plot
A graphical tool used in factor analysis to determine the number of factors to retain based on eigenvalues.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisScreening design
An experimental design used to identify critical factors or variables affecting a process or system efficiently.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignScreening inspection
100% inspection in which all units that are found to be nonconforming are sorted out.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementScrum Master
A key role in the Scrum framework responsible for facilitating team processes and removing obstacles to progress.
Đăng bởi: Agile MethodologyScrum Master certification
Certification validating expertise in Scrum framework methodologies and roles in agile project management.
Đăng bởi: Agile MethodologySdca (Standardise, Do, Check, Act)
Process for standardizing, implementing, checking, and improving tasks.
Đăng bởi: Continuous ImprovementSecond party audits
Second party audits are audits conducted by the customer or on behalf of the customer (supplier audits). Second party audits are external audits. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSecretary Of State For Defence
Head of the Ministry of Defence, responsible for departmental business.
Đăng bởi: Role/AuthoritySecurity (Added 6S)
Encompasses security measures to protect equipment, assets, and information within the workplace.
Đăng bởi: Enhanced 5SSee also Hypothesis.
Hypothesis tests are statistical procedures to confirm or refute assumptions that have been made regarding differences between groups of measured samples. They can be used both to compare average values and variances.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSeiban
Seiban: The name of a Japanese management practice taken from the words sei, which means manufacturing, and ban, which means number. A seiban number is assigned to all parts, materials and purchase orders associated with a particular customer job, project or anything else. This enables a manufacturer to track everything related to a particular product, project or customer, and facilitates setting aside inventory for specific projects or priorities. That makes it an effective practice for project and build to order manufacturing.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSeiketsu
Spick and span, SEIKETSU (pronounced say ket Sue), revisit frequently
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISeiso
Shine or sanitize (cleanliness). Workplace, machines and tools must be kept clean. Japanese term, see also 5S.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSeisou
Sweeping and washing, SEISO (pronounced say so), celan and inspect daily
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISelf assessment
Comprehensive and systematic review of the organizations activities. These refer to the quality management system or to an excellence model. Self assessment can give the organization an overall view of its performance and the degree of maturity of its quality management system. (On the basis of DIN 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSelf declaration
Also Suppliers declaration or vendor declaration Written declaration given by a supplier according to a defined procedure that indicates that a unit that it is to supply, but that has not yet been realized, will fulfill the quality requirements, or that a unit that has already been realized fulfils the quality requirements, or that both statements are true.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSelf directed work team (SDWT)
Self directed work team (SDWT): A type of team structure in which much of the decision making regarding how to handle the teams activities is controlled by the team members themselves.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSemi autonomous work group
With a view to a common objective, members of a group produce or complete products or services on their own responsibility and according to their own planning. This requires a certain level of autonomy. The individual groups are conceded the freedom needed to act and make decisions independently.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSen Notation
Notation for substances causing occupational asthma, indicated in risk phrases like R42/43.
Đăng bởi: Hazardous Substance ClassificationSenior Duty Holder
The senior leader accountable for military activities' safety.
Đăng bởi: Role/ResponsibilitySenior Responsible Owner
Individual accountable for effective program governance, objectives, and benefits.
Đăng bởi: Program GovernanceSensei
SENSEI (pronounced sen say), instructor, usually refers to an external consultant
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISensitivity
Change in the measured value of the quantity output by a measuring instrument relative to the change in the input quantity that caused it. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1:1195)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSentinel event
Sentinel event: A healthcare term for any event not consistent with the desired, normal or usual operation of the organization; also known as an adverse event.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementService
An organizations (process) output, where at least one activity must be performed between organization and customer. A services essential elements are mostly intangible in nature, with software being a prime example, since information is at its core, regardless of the medium. As a rule, a service includes activities at the interface with the customer and is directly experienced by the customer. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementService level agreement
Service level agreement: A formal agreement between an internal provider and an internal receiver (customer).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSession window
A specific timeframe allocated for a session, meeting, or a window of time for performing particular tasks or activities.
Đăng bởi: Time ManagementSet In Order (Seiton)
Set in Order means arranging items logically, ensuring easy access, and using visual cues for item placement.
Đăng bởi: 5S PrincipleSet up Reduction
A technique or methodology aiming to minimize the time required for machine or process setup in manufacturing.
Đăng bởi: Lean ManufacturingSet up Time
The time taken to prepare or set up equipment, machinery, or processes before starting production or operations.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing OperationsSeven Basic Tools of Quality
A set of fundamental quality improvement tools including Pareto charts, cause and effect diagrams, histograms, etc.
Đăng bởi: Quality ImprovementSeven new management and planning tools
Seven new management and planning tools: Tools to promote innovation, communicate information and successfully plan major projects. The tools are: affinity diagrams, matrix diagrams, interrelationship digraphs, process decision program charts, tree diagrams, activity network diagrams and prioritization matrixes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSeven tools of quality
Seven tools of quality: Tools that help organizations understand their processes to improve them. The tools are the cause and effect diagram, check sheet, control chart, flowchart, histogram, Pareto chart and scatter diagram (see individual entries).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSeven Wastes
Major waste types: Overproduction, Waiting, Conveyance, Processing, Inventory, Motion, Correction.
Đăng bởi: Waste EliminationShadow board
Shadow board: A visual management tool painted to indicate where tools belong and which tools are missing.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShainin
Experimental design technique that was named after its creator Dorian Shainin (1914 2000). Shainin developed a strategy to solve problems which, like the Pareto rule, assumes that a multitude of problems are associated with only a few causes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShainin System
Shainin System: Named after its developer, Dorian Shainin, this problem solving system focuses on identifying the dominant cause of process variation called the Red X. Also called statistical engineering.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShall
Executing verb in statute mandating regulated persons to follow legislation.
Đăng bởi: Legal Compliance/RequirementShareholder
Stockholder, financier, investor in a company.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSHE management system
Safety, health, environmental management system. See also: SCC.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShewhart cycle
Shewhart cycle: See plan do check act cycle.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShewhart quality control chart
See Quality control chart.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementShine (Seiso)
Shine requires regular cleaning and inspection to maintain cleanliness, identifying issues, and preventing hazards.
Đăng bởi: 5S PrincipleShitsuke
Discipline, SHITSUKE (pronounced sheet soo kay), good habits, motivate to sustain
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CIShort term and long term Z
Potentially context specific terms related to statistical analysis or quality control involving short and long term performance metrics.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisShould be process mapping
A mapping technique focusing on designing or documenting future state processes based on improvement goals.
Đăng bởi: Process ImprovementSifting
Sifting: English translation of Japanese seiri, one of the five Ss used for workplace organization. Sifting is separating the essential from the nonessential. It involves screening through unnecessary materials and simplifying the work environment.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSigma
Sigma: One standard deviation in a normally distributed process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSigma Level
A measure indicating process performance, often associated with the number of standard deviations a process deviates from a specification.
Đăng bởi: Process PerformanceSigma Score
A numerical measure reflecting the performance or capability of a process in terms of sigma levels.
Đăng bởi: Process CapabilitySigma value
The sigma value provides information about the process capability. With a normal distribution, the sigma value indicates how many standard deviations there are from the average value to the next (customer) specification limit. The sigma value (called the z value in mathematics) can be calculated for both qualitative and quantitative data. The sigma values can make it possible to compare different processes because they compare the processes by looking at their dispersion with regard to the customer requirements, or by looking at the capability of the process to fulfill the customer requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSignal factor taguchi
In Taguchi methods, factors or variables that significantly affect product or process quality, emphasizing control.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSignal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)
Signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio): An equation that indicates the magnitude of an experimental effect above the effect of experimental error due to chance fluctuations.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSignal to noise ratio def taguchi
In Taguchi methods, the ratio comparing the strength of a signal (desired outcome) to the level of noise (undesired variation).
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSigns
Potentially context dependent, referring to different meanings or uses based on specific contexts or industries.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentSimplex centroid and simplex lattice designs
Experimental designs used in mixture experiments for optimizing the combination of components or factors.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignSimulation
Simulation: A 3 D technique to balance a line. It involves using cardboard, wood and plastic foam to create full sized equipment mock ups that can be easily moved to obtain an optimum layout.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSimultaneous engineering
Special form of project organization during product development in order to shorten the development time. When developing products, the individual steps are worked off in parallel, not sequentially. This results in simultaneous or overlapping product development stages. Suppliers and system manufacturers are included in this process at an early point in time and to a large extent.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSin
The trigonometric function sine, representing the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the hypotenuse in a right angled triangle.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical FunctionSingle Minute Exchange Of Die (Smed)
Process for quick changeover of production equipment between part numbers.
Đăng bởi: Lean ToolSingle minute exchange of dies
Single minute exchange of dies: A series of techniques pioneered by Shigeo Shingo for changeovers of production machinery in less than 10 minutes. The long term objective is always zero setup, in which changeovers are instantaneous and do not interfere in any way with continuous flow. Setup in a single minute is not required, but used as a reference (see one touch exchange of dies, internal setup and external setup).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSingle piece flow
Single piece flow: A process in which products proceed, one complete product at a time, through various operations in design, order taking and production without interruptions, backflows or scrap.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSingle sampling
A sampling plan or technique involving inspection or testing of individual items or products to determine quality.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSingle sourcing
Concentration of the procurement on a few system suppliers, i.e., suppliers who offer many products or services from one source.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSIPOC diagram
SIPOC diagram: A tool used by Six Sigma process improvement teams to identify all relevant elements (suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers) of a process improvement project before work begins.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSite Characterization
Exploration and analysis of geological properties at work sites.
Đăng bởi: Risk AnalysisSite Safety Health Official (Ssho)
Person responsible for workplace safety and inspections.
Đăng bởi: PositionSix Sigma
Quality standard aiming for 3.4 defects per million opportunities, employing DMAIC methodology.
Đăng bởi: Quality ManagementSix Sigma quality
Six Sigma quality: A term generally used to indicate process capability in terms of process spread measured by standard deviations in a normally distributed process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSix Sigma tools
Six Sigma tools: The problem solving tools used to support Six Sigma and other process improvement efforts. This includes voice of the customer, value stream mapping, process mapping, capability analysis, Pareto charts, root cause analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, control plans, statistical process control, 5S, mistake proofing and design of experiments.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSk Notation
Notation in EH40 indicating substances absorbed through intact skin.
Đăng bởi: Hazardous Substance ClassificationSkewness
A measure indicating the asymmetry of a probability distribution, showing the deviation of data from a normal distribution.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureSKU
Stock Keeping Unit: A unique identifier assigned to an item in inventory management.
Đăng bởi: Inventory ManagementSLA
Service level agreement: Interface agreement for the provision of services. An SLA governs the cooperation between an (internal or external) customer and an (internal or external) service provider with a view to the type, scope and cost of the services to be provided.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSlope and intercept
Components of a linear regression equation representing the relationship between two variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSlope taguchi
A factor in Taguchi methods representing the effect of a parameter on process performance.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSmall business
Small business: Privately owned corporations, partnerships or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and less annual revenue than a regular sized business or corporation. The definition of smallin terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policyvaries by country and industry.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSmallest and largest extreme value distributions
Statistical distributions modeling extreme values, such as minimum and maximum observations.
Đăng bởi: Statistical DistributionSmart dialog boxes
Interactive dialog boxes in software applications that adapt or respond intelligently to user input.
Đăng bởi: Software DevelopmentSMART goals
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time bound goals used in project management or personal development.
Đăng bởi: Goal SettingSMART matrix
SMART matrix: A SMART matrix is a communication and planning tool used to identify the specifics of actions or tasks. SMART stands for specific, measurable, attainable, resources, and time.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSMED
Single Minute Exchange of Die: A methodology aiming to minimize equipment changeover time in manufacturing.
Đăng bởi: Lean ManufacturingSMMT
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd., London. www.smmt.co.uk
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSNV
Schweizerische Normen Vereinigung [Swiss Association for Standardization], Winterthur, Switzerland. www.snv.ch
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSo Far As Is Reasonably Practicable
Legal concept weighing risk against necessary precautions.
Đăng bởi: Legal Standard/ComplianceSocial responsibility
Social responsibility: The concept that business entities should balance profit making activities with activities that benefit society.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSociety
Social environment in which an organization operates.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSofsS Policy Statement
Secretary of State for Defence's policy statement regarding health, safety, and environmental protection.
Đăng bởi: Policy DirectiveSoftware development life cycle
The process comprising stages from initial conception to software retirement or replacement.
Đăng bởi: Software DevelopmentSoftware quality assurance (SQA)
Software quality assurance (SQA): A systematic approach to evaluating the quality of and adherence to software product standards, processes and procedures. SQA includes ensuring standards and procedures are established and followed throughout the software acquisition life cycle.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSolution Parking Lot
A space or tool to gather, store, and track potential solutions or ideas for future consideration or implementation.
Đăng bởi: Problem SolvingSolution statement
A clear and concise declaration outlining proposed resolutions to a problem or challenge.
Đăng bởi: Problem SolvingSomers D
A statistical measure indicating the strength and direction of association between two ranked variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSOPs
Standard Operating Procedures: Established guidelines detailing steps to accomplish tasks or processes.
Đăng bởi: Procedures and ProcessesSort
Arranging items or data in a specified sequence or order based on criteria or attributes.
Đăng bởi: Data ManagementSort (Seiri)
Sort involves separating necessary items from unnecessary ones, eliminating clutter, and organizing essential items.
Đăng bởi: 5S PrincipleSoto Dandori
Off line set up, external setup, changeover preparation ("prep")
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISpaghetti Chart
Diagram illustrating a product's path through steps along a value stream.
Đăng bởi: Process VisualizationSpaghetti diagram
Spaghetti diagram: A visual representation using a continuous flow line tracing the path of an item or activity through a process. The continuous flow line enables process teams to identify redundancies in workflow and opportunities to expedite process flow.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSPC
Statistical Process Control: A method used to monitor and control processes to maintain desired performance levels.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSPC Techniques
Various methods and tools employed in Statistical Process Control (SPC) for analyzing and improving processes.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSpearman's rho
A statistical measure of correlation assessing the relationship between two ranked variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSpecial Cause
In quality management, an exceptional or non routine factor contributing to process variation or defects.
Đăng bởi: Quality ManagementSpecial causes
Exceptional factors that significantly impact process performance, leading to unexpected variations or issues.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSpecial characteristic
Special characteristic: Automotive ISO TS 16949 term for key product or process characteristics.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSpecial characteristics
Product characteristics or production process parameters. These can affect safety, compliance with regulatory demands, fit, function, performance or further processing of the product. (On the basis of IATF 16949:2016)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSpecial process
Process in which the quality inspections either cannot determine the result with regard to quality, cannot determine it completely, can only determine at a disproportionately high expenditure or cannot determine it on time. In principle, special processes are therefore qualified ahead of time and monitored. (On the basis of DIN 55350 11)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSpecification
Specification: A document that states the requirements to which a given product or service must conform.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSpecification limit
In its requirements for a product or service, the customer specifies a desired value that should be achieved. The customer additionally specifies specification limits that show the tolerated fluctuations. This results in a lower tolerance limit, also called lower specification limit (LSL) and an upper tolerance limit, also called upper specification limit (USL).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSpecification limits
Predetermined boundaries or criteria defining acceptable variations or tolerances in a process or product.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlSpirit (Added 7S)
Emphasizes fostering a positive workplace culture and mindset, encouraging teamwork and morale among employees.
Đăng bởi: Enhanced 5SSplit plot design
An experimental design featuring nested factors, often used in situations where randomization is limited.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignSponsor
Sponsor: The person who supports a teams plans, activities and outcomes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSponsor (or Champion)
A person providing support, resources, and advocacy for a project or initiative within an organization.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementSQAS
Safety Quality Assessment System. Standard from the European Chemical Industry Council CEFIC. Quality, safety, occupational health and safety, and environmental management system for service providers in the logistics and chemical sectors with the objective of a uniform evaluation by independent assessors who use the same standard/questionnaire.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSQDC
Safety, Quality, Delivery, Cost: Essential elements often used to assess overall manufacturing performance.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing OperationsSQRT
Square Root: A mathematical operation returning a value when multiplied by itself equals a specified number.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical OperationSSQ
Sum of Squares: A statistical measure representing the sum of squared deviations from the mean.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureSt dev
Standard Deviation: A statistical measure of data dispersion, showing the average distance from the mean.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureStability
In process control, the state of a process remaining consistent and predictable over time.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlStacked and unstacked
Descriptions potentially referring to different data representations or organizational structures.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentStages
Distinct phases or steps within a process, project, or system, indicating progression or completion.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementStages of team growth
Stages of team growth: Four stages that teams move through as they develop maturity: forming, storming, norming and performing.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStakeholder
Individuals or entities having an interest, involvement, or influence in a project or organization.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementStamp
Potentially context dependent, referring to different meanings or uses based on specific contexts or industries.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentSTANAG
NATO Standardization Agreement: Standardization agreement involving NATO member countries on the use of standardized procedures or similar equipment. The objective is to achieve the most standardized equipment for all NATO troops possible in various areas.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard
Standard: The metric, specification, gauge, statement, category, segment, grouping, behavior, event or physical product sample against which the outputs of a process are compared and declared acceptable or unacceptable. Also, documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard Cost
A predetermined cost used as a benchmark for calculating the cost of goods or services in accounting or manufacturing.
Đăng bởi: Cost ManagementStandard deviation
A statistical measure indicating the extent of variability or dispersion in a set of data.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureStandard deviation (statistical)
Standard deviation (statistical): A computed measure of vari ability indicating the spread of the data set around the mean.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard deviation process capability
A measure assessing the ability of a process to produce within specification limits based on standard deviation.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlStandard deviation taguchi
In Taguchi methods, a measure indicating variability that affects product quality or process performance.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlStandard error estimate
An estimation of the variability between sample statistics and population parameters in inferential statistics.
Đăng bởi: Statistical InferenceStandard error of coefficient
The standard deviation of the coefficient in a statistical model, measuring the uncertainty in the estimate.
Đăng bởi: Statistical InferenceStandard error of fits
The standard deviation of predicted values from a regression model compared to observed values.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStandard Error of the Mean
A measure indicating the variability or spread of sample means around the population mean.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStandard in process stock
Standard in process stock: One of the three elements that make up standard work. It is the minimum quantity of parts always on hand for processing during and between subprocesses. It allows workers to do their jobs continuously in a set sequence, repeating the same operation over and over in the same order. Also see standard work.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard value
Measured value or numerical value that must be met or reached without the stipulation of concrete limiting values. (On the basis of DIN 55350 12)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard Work
An established and documented method used as a reference for performing tasks or processes consistently.
Đăng bởi: Work ProceduresStandard Work Combination Sheet
A reference document detailing sequences and times for performing tasks in standardized work.
Đăng bởi: Work ProceduresStandard Work in Process
Work in progress adhering to established standards or procedures within a production or manufacturing process.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing OperationsStandard Work in Progress
Work undergoing processes following standardized methods or protocols.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing OperationsStandard work instructions
Standard work instructions: A lean manufacturing tool that enables operators to observe a production process with an understanding of how assembly tasks are to be performed. It ensures the quality level is understood and serves as an excellent training aid, enabling replacement or temporary individuals to easily adapt and perform the assembly operation.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandard Work Sheet
A document detailing step by step instructions or procedures for performing tasks following standard practices.
Đăng bởi: Work ProceduresStandardised Work
Precise procedures for each operator's work based on takt time, work sequence, and standard inventory.
Đăng bởi: Process StandardizationStandardization
Standardization: When policies and common procedures are used to manage processes throughout the system. Also, English translation of the Japanese word seiketsu, one of the Japanese five Ss (see listing) used for workplace organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStandardize (Seiketsu)
Standardize establishes protocols and processes to sustain Sort, Set in Order, and Shine principles consistently.
Đăng bởi: 5S PrincipleStandardized log residuals
Logarithmically transformed residuals standardized for use in statistical analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStandardized residuals
Residuals standardized to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one for regression analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStandards organization
The task of a national standards organization is to determine the necessity of a planned standard, as well as its requirements and contents. These are subsequently stipulated and published as a national standard. The standardization work in Germany is organized in standardization committees and work groups within the DIN. Representatives from business, science, the state and interested parties cooperate on working out standards. In Germany, industry wide standardization is the task of the business sectors self regulation. The DIN is a member of CEN, whose main task is to develop European standards. The ISO is responsible for international standardization; it unites the national standards organizations around the world.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStart learning with Coursera
A promotional statement potentially referring to Coursera as a platform for accessing educational courses.
Đăng bởi: Education and LearningState
Condition of a unit at a particular point in time of the observation. (On the basis of DIN 40041:1990)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatement of work (SOW)
A document outlining project deliverables, scope, timelines, and expectations between a client and contractor.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementStatGuide
Potentially a tool or guide providing instructions, tips, or resources related to statistical analysis or software usage.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStatistic
A numerical value derived from a dataset used to describe or summarize aspects of that dataset.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureStatistical
Relating to statistics or employing statistical methods and techniques for analysis or inference.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStatistical methods
Statistical methods that are used for statistical process control are, for example, control charts to check and monitor process stability or process capability analyses.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatistical process control
A method used to monitor and control processes by employing statistical techniques to maintain consistency and quality.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlStatistical process control (SPC)
Statistical process control (SPC): The application of statistical techniques to control a process; often used interchangeably with the term statistical quality control (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatistical quality control
Part of quality control with the use of statistical procedures. (On the basis of DIN 55350 11)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatistical Quality Control (Sqc)
Quality control using statistical methods for analysis and improvement.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlStatistical quality inspection
Quality inspection using statistical methods. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatistically significant
A result deemed to be not likely to occur by chance alone, indicating a strong likelihood of a true effect or relationship.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStatistics
Statistics: A field that involves tabulating, depicting and describing data sets; a formalized body of techniques characteristically involving attempts to infer the properties of a large collection of data from inspection of a sample of the collection.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStatutory Miners Rights
Rights guaranteed by the Mine Act to promote worker safety.
Đăng bởi: RegulationStem and Leaf Glossary
Potentially a reference guide or glossary explaining the components and use of stem and leaf plots in data visualization.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationStepwise regression
A method of building regression models by adding or removing variables based on their statistical significance.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStop the line authority
Stop the line authority: Power given to workers to stop the process when abnormalities occur, allowing them to prevent the defect or variation from being passed along.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStoryboard
A sequence of illustrations or visual representations outlining a process, narrative, or project plan.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementStrategic planning
Strategic planning: The process an organization uses to envision its future and develop the appropriate strategies, goals, objectives and action plans.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStrategy
Plan to achieve long term or overall objectives. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStrategy Deployment
Aligning organizational functions with strategic objectives, involving precise annual plans.
Đăng bởi: Management PracticeStratification
Dividing or organizing data into distinct layers or categories based on specific criteria or characteristics.
Đăng bởi: Data AnalysisStratified sampling
A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata), and samples are taken from each subgroup.
Đăng bởi: Statistical SamplingStrengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis: A strategic technique used to assess what an organization is facing.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStresslevel
Potentially referring to stress levels, a measure of psychological or physical stress experienced by an individual or system.
Đăng bởi: Health and Well beingStretch goals
Stretch goals: A set of goals designed to position an organization to meet future requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStructural organization
An organizations hierarchical framework or structure. The structural organization regulates responsibilities, work assignments and resource allocation. The structural organization includes the company hierarchy (shown, for example, in an organizational chart), the structure of the areas or departments, the job plan, the geographic distribution (locations, branches) and the relationship to affiliated companies such as subsidiaries, parent company or partner firms. Together, the structural organizational and process organization form the business or company organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStructural variation
Structural variation: Variation caused by regular, systematic changes in output, such as seasonal patterns and long term trends.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementStudentized residuals
Residuals in a statistical model scaled by an estimate of their standard deviation for outlier detection.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisStudy variation
The exploration or analysis of variations in a study or experiment that might affect outcomes or conclusions.
Đăng bởi: Research MethodologySU
Potentially context dependent, referring to different meanings or uses based on specific contexts or industries.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentSu Pa Ma Ketto
Supermarket, a shop floor substation for staging parts before they are finally placed on the line
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CISubgroups
Divisions within a sample or population used for analysis, often categorized based on specific criteria or factors.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSubject Matter Expert
Individual/organization highly concerned and responsible for providing technical accuracy in a specific subject.
Đăng bởi: Expert Knowledge ProviderSuboptimization
Suboptimization: A condition in which gains made in one activity are offset by losses in another activity or activities that are caused by the same actions that created gains in the first activity.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSubpart Aa Of 29 Cfr 1926
Protection for confined space hazards not covered in Subpart P Excavations.
Đăng bởi: RegulationSubpopulation
Subset of a population. (On the basis of DIN 55350 14)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSubprocess
Subdivision of core, support or management processes or a combination of activities. Several subprocesses form a main process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSubscripts
Symbols or characters written below and to the right of other symbols, typically indicating variables or indices in mathematics or science.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical NotationSubset
A portion or part of a larger set or group that shares specific characteristics or meets certain criteria.
Đăng bởi: Data SubdivisionSuccess and effects diagram
Success and effects diagram: The success and effects diagram is a hybrid of the fishbone diagram that uses 'five whats' instead of 'five whys' as the analysis tool to help uncover the root success of a process, rather than the root cause.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSum of squares
A statistical measure representing the sum of the squared deviations from a reference point or mean.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureSummary data
Condensed or aggregated information summarizing larger datasets or detailed information.
Đăng bởi: Data SummarySupermarket
Supermarket: The storage locations of parts before they go on to the next operation. Supermarkets are managed by predetermined maximum and minimum inventory levels. Each item in the plant is at a designated location.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier
Supplier: A source of materials, service or information input provided to a process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier audit
Quality audit by the customer and a means for rating suppliers. See Second party audit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier evaluation
Evaluation of a suppliers performance by the client. Quality management systems offer various procedures for supplier evaluation.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier management
Management of the relationships with suppliers. This includes the selection of suppliers for products that are to be procured and the stipulations for monitoring and ongoing supplier evaluation.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier quality
Supplier quality: A suppliers ability to deliver goods or services that will satisfy customers needs.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier quality assurance
Supplier quality assurance: Confidence a supplier's product or service will fulfill its customers needs. This confidence is achieved by creating a relationship between the customer and supplier that ensures the product will be fit for use with minimal corrective action and inspection. According to Joseph M. Juran, nine primary activities are needed: 1) define product and program quality requirements; 2) evaluate alternative suppliers; 3) select suppliers; 4) conduct joint quality planning; 5) cooperate with the supplier during the execution of the contract; 6) obtain proof of conformance to requirements; 7) certify qualified suppliers; 8) conduct quality improvement programs as required; and 9) create and use supplier quality ratings.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier quality management
Supplier quality management: A system in which supplier quality is managed by using a proactive and collaborative approach. This management approach begins early in the product design and supplier selection process. It continues through the entire life cycle of a product and for the duration of the relationship with that particular supplier.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier rating
Periodic evaluation of the supplier by the customer on a regular basis and according to specific criteria, i.e., the evaluation after commencement of customer supplier relationships.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupplier relationship
Mutually beneficial supplier relationships are one of the eight quality management principles (see Quality management principles).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupply chain
Supply chain: The series of suppliers to a given process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupply chain management
Optimization of the flows of materials, good and information among several partners with the use of logistics service providers.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupply Chain Quality
Optimization of all elements in a value chain.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupport from management,
Sufficient participant knowledge of the methods regarding the performance of group work.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSupport process
Process that fulfils supporting tasks for the core processes. Support processes accompany the core processes and supply data and information or regulate administrative sequences. They do not have a directly value added character and the customer is not willing to pay directly for support processes. However maintaining these processes can be just as important as maintaining core processes (see Key process). Example: A functioning computer system has a strategic significance for data administration in banks.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSurface Wireframe
A graphical representation in three dimensions showing the surface of an object with a grid of lines or curves.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationSurveillance
Surveillance: The continual monitoring of a process; a type of periodic assessment or audit conducted to determine whether a process continues to perform to a predetermined standard.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSurveillance audit
Audit that is primarily conducted annually by the certification company in order to monitor the organizations quality management system. Periodic surveillance audits are required in order for the certificate to remain valid throughout its term. These audits are usually not as extensive as the certification audit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSurvey
Survey: The act of examining a process or questioning a selected sample of individuals to obtain data about a process, product or service.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSurvival plot
A graphical representation displaying survival probabilities over time in survival analysis or reliability studies.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSurvival probability
The likelihood of an event or entity to survive or endure for a specified period, often used in survival analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisSustain
Sustain: The English translation of shitsuke, one of the five Ss (see listing) used for workplace organization. Sustaining (also referred to as self disciplining) is the continuation of sorting, setting in order and sanitizing. It addresses the need to perform 5S on an ongoing and systematic basis.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSustain (Shitsuke)
Sustain focuses on embedding 5S practices into the culture, ensuring ongoing adherence, and continuous improvement.
Đăng bởi: 5S PrincipleSWOT analysis
A strategic planning technique evaluating Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats concerning a project or business.
Đăng bởi: Strategic PlanningSymbol
A visual representation, character, or sign used to represent an idea, quantity, or concept.
Đăng bởi: RepresentationSymmetry plot
A graphical representation indicating symmetry or lack thereof in a dataset or distribution.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationSymptom
Symptom: An observable phenomenon arising from and accompanying a defect.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSynchronous Production
A production system where operations or processes occur in coordination or simultaneously, minimizing delays or idle time.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing OperationsSynectics meeting
Creativity technique and problem solving method for complex tasks that stimulates thought processes that run without the person being conscious of them. It was developed by the American William Gordon (1961). In this method, apparently unrelated facts are brought together. The problem is first made unfamiliar through the formation of analogies and then confrontation with independent structures is used to find a link that leads to surprising solutions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSyntax
Rules or guidelines governing the arrangement or structure of language, programming code, or mathematical notation.
Đăng bởi: Linguistics / ProgrammingSystem
System: A group of interdependent processes and people that together perform a common mission.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSystem approach to management
The system approach to management is one of the quality management principles (see Quality management principles).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSystem audit
Tool for the evaluation of the management system with regard to the fulfillment of the corporate policy and the comprehensive sets of rules. The system audit comprises the following phases: Preparation, document inspection, performance, audit report preparation, initiation of corrective actions. See Audit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementSystem kaizen
System kaizen: Improvement aimed at an entire value stream.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
