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There are currently 147 Glossary and Terminology in this directory beginning with the letter R.
R
R (Range)
A measure of variation within a dataset, representing the difference between the highest and lowest values in the data.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureR Chart
A control chart used in quality control to monitor and assess the variability or dispersion of a process over time using range measurements.
Đăng bởi: Quality ControlR Squared
A statistical measure indicating the proportion of variation in a dependent variable explained by an independent variable in regression analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureR Squared Adjusted
A modified version of R squared in regression analysis, adjusted for the number of predictors, providing a better fit assessment.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureR Squared Predicted
The proportion of variation in a dependent variable predicted or explained by an independent variable in regression analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureR&R
Repeatability and Reproducibility: A measure evaluating the consistency and agreement among different appraisers or equipment in measurements.
Đăng bởi: Measurement ConsistencyRACI
Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed: A framework delineating roles and responsibilities within a project or process.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementRACI Chart Method
A method utilizing RACI charts to identify and clarify roles and responsibilities among stakeholders in a project or process.
Đăng bởi: Project ManagementRADAR
Method to assess an organizations maturity level. RADAR stands for Results, Approach, Deployment, Assessment and Refine. It belongs to the model prepared by the EFQM which is used to assess an organizations progress towards the achievement of excellent results. The assessment method is based on relevance and usability, the Results, the Approach that leads to them, the degree of Deployment and the Assessment and Refinement (EFQM Excellence Model 2010). The individual assessments of the 32 sub criteria can be combined into a total assessment between 0 and 1000 points.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRadar Chart
Graphical tool to display performance in multiple areas on a single chart.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationRadians
A unit of measurement for angles, representing an angle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical MeasurementRAL
Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V., Sankt Augustin. Non profit institution founded in 1925 under the name Reichs Ausschuss für Lieferbedingungen (RAL Imperial Commission for Delivery Terms and Quality Assurance). Today its fundamental functions are: creating quality marks, delivering globally binding color references, awarding the Blue Angel environmental label and the European eco label, registrations, agreements, and RAL attestations. www.ral.de
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRAM
RAM: Reliability/availability/maintainability (see individual entries).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRandom cause
Random cause: A cause of variation due to chance and not assignable to any factor.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRandom deviation of measurement
Non controllable, random deviation of the measurement result from the expectation. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRandom Sample
A subset of individuals or items drawn from a larger population in a manner that ensures each member has an equal chance of being selected.
Đăng bởi: Sampling TechniqueRandom sampling
Random sampling: A commonly used sampling technique in which sample units are selected so all combinations of n units under consideration have an equal chance of being selected as the sample.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRandom Variable
A variable whose value is determined by chance or probability, with possible outcomes subject to randomness.
Đăng bởi: Probability and StatisticsRandom word analysis
Creativity technique in which ideas are derived from randomly selected words (or images). The random element is used to produce completely new associations and ideas. Procedure: First a word is selected from a random source that has nothing to do with the initial problem (for example, a random word from the dictionary). This word is used as a stimulus for a solution. In the next step, all participants note what this word brings to mind (brainstorming). Then the noted ideas are analyzed and applied to the starting problem.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRandomization
The process of assigning subjects or items to different groups or treatments randomly, reducing bias and ensuring equal distribution.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignRange
Difference between the largest individual actual value and the smallest individual actual value. (On the basis of DGQ Volume 11 04:2012)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRange (statistical)
Range (statistical): The measure of dispersion in a data set (the difference between the highest and lowest values).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRange chart (R chart)
Range chart (R chart): A control chart in which the subgroup range, R, evaluates the stability of the variability within a process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRank
A position or level of importance assigned to an item, variable, or individual in relation to others within a specific context or dataset.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentRapid Improvement Event (RIE)
A focused and time bound event involving cross functional teams to rapidly identify and implement improvements in a specific process or area.
Đăng bởi: Continuous ImprovementRate of Availability
The percentage or ratio of time a system or asset is available and operational compared to the total available time within a specific period.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementRate of Performance
The speed, efficiency, or output level achieved by a system, process, or individual, often measured against established standards or benchmarks.
Đăng bởi: Performance MeasurementRate of Quality
The level or proportion of defect free products or services produced within a system or process, indicating the quality performance rate.
Đăng bởi: Quality MeasurementRatio Effects
Effects or impacts resulting from changes in ratios or proportions of variables or factors within a system or model, context dependent.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentRatio Residuals
Residuals in statistical analysis specifically related to ratios, potentially indicating deviations or discrepancies in ratio related models.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureRbi (Risk Based Inspection)
Inspection based on risk assessment.
Đăng bởi: Risk Based Inspection ProceduresRCM
Reliability Centered Maintenance: A maintenance strategy focusing on optimizing maintenance efforts based on the criticality of assets or systems.
Đăng bởi: Maintenance StrategyRe engineering
Re engineering: A process for restructuring an entire organization and its processes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReasonably Practicable
Balancing risk with cost and inconvenience for safety measures.
Đăng bởi: Risk Management and Cost Benefit AnalysisRecall
Recall: The act of officially summoning someone or something back to its place of origin.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReceiving inspection
Quality inspection for accepting a product. The customer (further processor, dealer or end customer), the client or a representative body conducts the receiving inspection. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRecertification
Renewed certification. Before a certificate expires, a re certification can be performed. Certificates for management systems are usually valid for three years. See also: Repeat audit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRecommendation
Evaluation of an audit finding. Example: A required procedure of a normative requirement is completely fulfilled, or a required procedure is completely installed in the company. Planning, performance of the planned activities, and effectiveness of the activities can be proven. The recommendation points out a potential for increasing the effectiveness. A corrective action is not absolutely required, and the issuing or maintenance of a certificate is also not called into question. Recommended actions can be carried out.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRecord
1. Verification document that reflects a situation (e.g., after an activity has been carried out) or an achieved result at a specific time. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRed bead experiment
Red bead experiment: An exercise developed by W. Edwards Deming to illustrate that results are largely dependent on the management systemwhich is owned by top managementand not the employees who work in the system
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRed Tag
Red Tagging is the process of labeling or tagging items for review or removal to declutter and identify unnecessary items.
Đăng bởi: OrganizationRed X
Concept from the Six Sigma methodology. It describes the core factors that influence a process. These are identified and optimally adjusted in the Six Sigma DMAIC project management phases. The objective is to increase the process capability.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference conditions
Fixed ranges for permissible values of influencing factors. The ranges are defined by target values with limiting values or tolerance zones. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference Line
A line or marker used as a benchmark or reference point in graphs, charts, or diagrams to denote specific thresholds, targets, or averages.
Đăng bởi: Visual RepresentationReference management standard
Measurement standard with the highest locally available precision. The measurement made there is derived from this measurement standard (reference). (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference material
Material or substance with characteristics whose values are fixed with sufficient precision and time dependency. These refer to the calibration, evaluation of a measurement procedure or quantitative determination of a materials characteristic values. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference model
(Process) model to structure/prepare the processes in a company that is typical for the sector and that has a certain degree of general validity.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference procedure
Stipulated procedure used to determine a sequence of characteristic values of a continuous characteristic that is valid on the basis of an agreement. (DGQ Volume 11 04:2009)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReference Value
A specific value used as a standard, benchmark, or point of comparison within a dataset or process for evaluating performance or outcomes.
Đăng bởi: Benchmark or StandardRegistrar
Registrar: Generally accepted equivalent term for certification body.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegistration
Registration: The act of including an organization, product, service or process in a compilation of those having the same or similar attributes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegistration to standards
Registration to standards: A process in which an accredited, independent third party organization conducts an on site audit of an organization's operations against the requirements of the standard to which the organization wants to be registered. Upon successful completion of the audit, the organization receives a certificate indicating it has met the standard requirements. In countries outside the United States, this generally is known as certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegrade
Assignment of a nonconforming product into a different grade with the objective of satisfying the requirements that could not be fulfilled in the original grade due to a deviation from the required specification. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegression
Statistical model for the quantitative description of a correlation between an input variable and an output variable. A regression function describes the model, and a regression line, for example, shows it graphically. There are simple, multiple, linear and nonlinear regressions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegression analysis
Regression analysis: A statistical technique for determining the best mathematical expression describing the functional relationship between one response and one or more independent variables.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegression Model Order
The order or complexity of a regression model, indicating the number of predictors or terms used in the model to predict the response variable.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisRegTP
Regulatory body for the telecommunication and postal sectors in Germany. The organization was founded on January 1, 1998 and renamed as the Bundesnetzagentur on July 13, 2005. See BNetzA.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegulation
A rule or authoritative direction having the effect of law, placing restrictions on an organization or defining mandatory activities/conditions.
Đăng bởi: Legislation/ComplianceRegulation (EC) No. 1221/2009
See EMAS. This regulation replaces Regulation (EC) No. 761/2001 and entered into force on January 11, 2010.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRegulation (EC) No. 761/2001
See EMAS. This regulation was repealed by Regulation (EC) No. 1221/2009 from November 25, 2009.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReject
Nonconforming product that can no longer be used for the originally intended purpose and that should be disposed of. The disposal can be in the form of recycling, destruction or scrapping. Nonconforming products that, for example, are not reworked because of cost considerations, are likewise rejects. (On the basis of DIN 55350 11)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRejectable Quality Level
The level of defects or quality issues within a product or process that can still be accepted or tolerated without causing significant concerns.
Đăng bởi: Quality ThresholdRejection number
Rejection number: The smallest number of defectives (or defects) in the sample or samples under consideration that will require rejection of the lot.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRelations diagram
Relations diagram: See "interrelations diagram."
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRelationship management
You can find out more about this in the Quality management principles.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRelative Position
The position or ranking of an item, variable, or entity concerning others, often expressed in terms of higher or lower position within a context.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentRelease
Approval for the next step in a process. In conjunction with software, the word release often refers to the version of the software. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReliability
System's ability to perform without failure for a given time interval.
Đăng bởi: System Reliability MeasurementReliability Test Plan
A plan outlining the procedures, criteria, and methodologies used to assess the reliability and durability of systems, products, or processes.
Đăng bởi: Test PlanningRemote location
Location that is not the site of any production processes but that supports production sites. (On the basis of IATF 16949:2016)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRemote Working
Personnel habitually working away from the management chain or main organization, e.g., working from home.
Đăng bởi: Working ArrangementRepair
Action taken on a nonconforming product in order to make it acceptable for the intended use. Repairs also include remedial actions taken on a product that is now nonconforming but that was previously conforming in order to restore it for use (for example, as part of maintenance). A repair can affect or change parts of the nonconforming product, unlike rework. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRepairable System
A system or asset that can be repaired or restored to its operational state after failure or breakdown, typically through maintenance activities.
Đăng bởi: System ClassificationRepeat audit
Audit that is conducted before the validity of the certificate has expired in order to verify the effectiveness of the quality management system and its conformity with the standard with respect to the certifier again. See also Recertification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRepeat inspection
Quality inspection that takes place when an undesirable result was determined on a unit (same type or on the improved unit) in a previous, authorized quality inspection. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRepeatability
The consistency or reliability of measurements, processes, or experiments when performed under the same conditions by the same individuals or equipment.
Đăng bởi: Measurement ConsistencyReplenishment Time
The time required to restock or refill inventory, materials, or resources to maintain the desired or optimal levels within a system or process.
Đăng bởi: Inventory ManagementReplicates
Duplicate or multiple observations or experiments performed under similar conditions to ensure consistency or validate results.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignReplication
The process of repeating or duplicating experiments, studies, or observations to validate findings, enhance reliability, or confirm consistency.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignReporting
Routine recording of all occurrences using information management systems.
Đăng bởi: Occurrence RecordingReporting Of Injuries, Diseases And Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
Regulations for reporting specific adverse events.
Đăng bởi: Reporting/RegulationReportPad
Potentially a specific software tool, application, or platform used for generating or creating reports, context dependent.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentReproducibility
Reproducibility: The variation in measurements made by different people using the same measuring device to measure the same characteristic on the same product.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRequired Waste
The amount of waste considered necessary or unavoidable within a process or system due to inherent constraints or limitations.
Đăng bởi: Waste ManagementRequirement
Expectation or need that is specified, usually assumed or obligatory. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRequirement specification
Rough concept that describes the requirements, expectations and wishes for a planned product.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRequirements
Requirements: A need or expectation, generally mandatory or compulsory.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResidual Plots
Graphical representations displaying the residuals or differences between observed and predicted values against predictor variables in regression analysis.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VisualizationResidual Risk
Level of risk remaining after implementing control measures.
Đăng bởi: Remaining Risk LevelResiduals
Deviations or differences between observed and predicted values in statistical analysis, indicating the model's error or unexplained variance.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureResiduals for Orthogonal Regression
Residuals specifically related to orthogonal regression analysis, representing unexplained variability or error within the regression model.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureResolution
Measure of the distance between neighboring measured values that a measuring instrument can still unambiguously distinguish. (On the basis of DIN 1319 1)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResource Calendar
A calendar or schedule indicating the availability, allocation, or planned usage of resources such as manpower, equipment, or facilities.
Đăng bởi: Resource ManagementResource Leveling
The process of adjusting resource allocation or schedules to optimize resource utilization, preventing overloading or underutilization.
Đăng bởi: Resource OptimizationResource utilization
Resource utilization: Using a resource in a way that increases throughput.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRespiratory Protective Equipment
PPE to protect against inhaling hazardous substances.
Đăng bởi: Equipment/ProtectionResponse and Predictor Variables
Variables used in statistical models, where predictor variables predict or explain changes in response variables in regression or modeling analyses.
Đăng bởi: Statistical ModelingResponse Optimization
The process of fine tuning or optimizing responses or outcomes within a system or process to achieve desired performance or efficiency levels.
Đăng bởi: Optimization StrategyResponse Surface Design
An experimental design methodology used to model and optimize the relationship between multiple variables and a response in a complex system.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignResponsibility
Part of competence that specifies which activities are to be carried out.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResponsibility diagram
Depiction of all necessary process details. The flow is divided in such a way that all process steps that belong to a person, department or company (or sphere of responsibility) are drawn in a separate area of the diagram. It is particularly well suited to visualize problems that are based on structural causes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResponsible Care
This global initiative stands for the chemical industrys intention to strive for the continuous improvement of the companies in the areas of the environment, safety and health (independently of statutory provisions) and also to report the progress to the public on a regular basis.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRestricted and Unrestricted
Terms referring to constraints or limitations (restricted) and absence of limitations or freedom (unrestricted) within a specific context.
Đăng bởi: Context DependentResult of determination
Characteristic value that is ascertained by determination. Depending on the type of determination, the result of determination can be called the assessment result, observation result, measurement result, calculation result or statistical estimation result. It can refer to any type of characteristic. (On the basis of DIN 55350 12)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResults
Results: Outcomes that can be qualitative or quantitative.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementResults Oriented Management
Management approach focusing on achieving specific outcomes.
Đăng bởi: Management PhilosophyRetrospective
An analysis or examination conducted after an event or project, focusing on evaluating outcomes, lessons learned, or performance retrospectively.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation ApproachReturns
Products or items sent back or refunded to a manufacturer or seller due to defects, damages, customer dissatisfaction, or other issues.
Đăng bởi: Product ManagementReview
1. Activity to determine if an object is suitable, adequate and effective for achieving established objectives, e.g., management review, design and development review, review of customer requirements or review of corrective actions. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementReview technique
Method to review the development quality. With the help of a questionnaire, the project or product is technically and organizationally analyzed and critically judged. The military sector developed the review technique method in the mid 1960s.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRevision Plans
Plans or strategies detailing modifications, updates, or changes to existing processes, products, or systems based on identified needs or improvements.
Đăng bởi: Process ImprovementRework
Action taken on a nonconforming product so that it can still satisfy the requirements. Rework does not affect or change parts of the nonconforming product; repair can affect or change parts of the nonconforming product. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRework Loop
A repetitive cycle involving reworking or revisiting processes or products to address quality issues or defects until satisfactory standards are met.
Đăng bởi: Quality ImprovementRi Do Taimu
Production lead time, time between acceptance of order to shipment regardless of actual production time
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CIRiddor (Reporting Of Injuries, Diseases, And Dangerous Occurrences Regulations)
Regulations requiring reporting of incidents.
Đăng bởi: Incident Reporting RegulationsRight size
Right size: Matching tooling and equipment to the job and space requirements of lean production. Right sizing is a process that challenges the complexity of equipment by examining how equipment fits into an overall vision for workflow through a factory. When possible, right sizing favors smaller, dedicated machines rather than large, multipurpose batch processing ones.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRight the first time
Right the first time: Meeting specified requirements with the initial attempt.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRisk
Combination of probability of harm occurrence and severity.
Đăng bởi: Risk Identification and AssessmentRisk Assessment
Process of identifying and evaluating hazards and risks.
Đăng bởi: Hazard and Risk AssessmentRisk Management
Systematic process involving hazard identification, assessment, reduction, and continuous monitoring.
Đăng bởi: Risk Assessment/ManagementRisk priority number
This value can be used to help quantify potential failures (nonconformities) for risk assessment (in the framework of the FMEA). The risk priority number (RPN) is calculated as follows:
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRisk To Life
Justified and foreseeable risk resulting in a fatality within military activities.
Đăng bởi: Life threatening RiskRobustness
Robustness: The condition of a product or process design that remains relatively stable, with a minimum of variation, even though factors that influence operations or usage, such as environment and wear, are constantly changing.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRolled Throughput Yield (RTY)
The probability or measure of the total output or yield of a multi step process, considering all potential points of failure or defects.
Đăng bởi: Production EfficiencyRoot cause
Root cause: A factor that caused a nonconformance and should be addressed with corrective action.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRoot cause analysis
Root cause analysis: The method of identifying the cause of a problem, solving it and preventing it from occurring again. Uncovering the correct and accurate reason(s) why something is happening or has already occurred.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRoot Cause Hypothesis
A proposed explanation or assumption regarding the fundamental cause or origin of a problem, guiding investigation and problem solving efforts.
Đăng bởi: Problem AnalysisRound
A mathematical operation to approximate a number to a specified decimal place or significant figure, typically based on specific rounding rules.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical OperationRoutine Work
Expected work under a contract or in the course of employment.
Đăng bởi: Regular Work DutiesRUMBA
A mnemonic or acronym used to define criteria or expectations: Reasonable, Understandable, Measurable, Believable, Achievable.
Đăng bởi: Criteria EvaluationRun chart
Run chart: A chart showing a line connecting numerous data points collected from a process running over time.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementRun Chart, or Time Plot
A visual display representing data points plotted against time or sequential order to observe patterns, trends, or shifts in a process or system.
Đăng bởi: Visual Data RepresentationRunner
Runner: A person on the production floor who paces the entire value stream through the pickup and delivery of materials through kanban (see listing) usage.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
