Để giúp bạn dễ dàng tra cứu thông tin nhanh chóng, CiCC cung cấp công cụ tìm kiếm tiện lợi. Bạn có thể sử dụng thanh tìm kiếm để nhập từ khóa cụ thể hoặc tìm theo thứ tự chữ cái, chức năng này sẽ giúp bạn xem các thuật ngữ theo trình tự bảng chữ cái để dễ dàng tìm kiếm và tra cứu thông tin.
Chúng tôi hy vọng rằng tài nguyên từ điển và thuật ngữ này sẽ hỗ trợ bạn trong việc nắm bắt và áp dụng các khái niệm quan trọng khi thực hiện các chiến lược cải tiến và quản lý trong lĩnh vực kinh doanh của bạn.
There are currently 115 Glossary and Terminology in this directory beginning with the letter F.
F
F Distribution
A probability distribution used in statistical analysis, particularly in ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to test the equality of variances.
Đăng bởi: Probability DistributionF Test
A statistical test used to compare the variances or means of two or more populations, often employed in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Đăng bởi: Statistical TestFAC
Fast Action Center: A center or department focusing on rapid response, resolution, or action on critical issues or incidents.
Đăng bởi: Operations ManagementFacilitator
Facilitator: A specifically trained person who functions as a teacher, coach and moderator for a group, team or organization.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFactor
An independent variable or element that influences or affects the outcome, behavior, or performance of a system or process.
Đăng bởi: Statistical VariableFactor Analysis
Statistical method analyzing relationships or patterns among variables, identifying underlying factors or constructs.
Đăng bởi: Statistical AnalysisFactor and Factor Level
In experimental design, factors represent variables under study, while factor levels indicate the specific settings or values of those variables.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFactor Coefficients
Coefficients representing the effects or contributions of factors in a regression equation or model.
Đăng bởi: Regression AnalysisFactor Loadings
Numeric values indicating the strength or magnitude of variables' relationships with latent factors in factor analysis.
Đăng bởi: Factor Analysis MeasureFactor Scores
Computed scores representing individuals or cases' relationship with latent factors derived from factor analysis.
Đăng bởi: Factor Analysis MeasureFactorial
A term referring to the method or arrangement of experimental factors in a factorial design, exploring interactions between factors.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFactorial Design
An experimental design where multiple factors are studied simultaneously to assess their individual and combined effects on an outcome.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFactorial Experiments
Experiments systematically investigating multiple factors and their interactions on a response variable.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFactual approach
The factual approach to decision making is one of the eight quality management principles (see Quality management principles).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure
Failure: The inability of an item, product or service to perform required functions on demand due to one or more defects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure cost
Failure cost: The cost resulting from the occurrence of defects. One element of cost of quality or cost of poor quality. These costs can be categorized as internal or external.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure Mode
The specific way or manner in which a system, process, or product fails or malfunctions, leading to undesirable outcomes or defects.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control MeasureFailure mode analysis (FMA)
Failure mode analysis (FMA): A procedure to determine which malfunction symptoms appear immediately before or after a failure of a critical parameter in a system or product. After all possible causes are listed for each symptom, the product is designed to eliminate the problems.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure Mode and Effects Analysis
Method for risk analysis: The potential causes of failures, possible types of failures and expected effects of failures in a system and its element are analyzed. In the next step, a risk assessment is made and actions are defined for prioritized risks. After working off the actions defined in the first assessment, a second risk assessment is made in order to determine if the actions are productive. The risks are calculated and rated with the help of the risk priority number. NASA developed this method in the mid 1960s. The following types of FMEA are possible:
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure mode effects analysis (FMEA)
Failure mode effects analysis (FMEA): A systematized group of activities to recognize and evaluate the potential failure of a product or process and its effects, identify actions that could eliminate or reduce the occurrence of the potential failure and document the process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFailure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)
Failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA): A procedure performed after a failure mode effects analysis to classify each potential failure effect according to its severity and probability of occurrence.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFamily and Individual Error Rate
A measure in statistics assessing errors' occurrence among groups (families) and within individuals or cases.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureFAST
Facilitated Application Specification Technique: A collaborative technique to quickly gather and define project requirements.
Đăng bởi: Project Management ToolFault
A units lack of fulfillment, nonconforming fulfillment or incomplete fulfillment of a required function. (On the basis of DIN 40041:1990)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFault tree analysis
Fault tree analysis is a procedure that allows probabilities to be estimated. This analysis is most commonly used in systems that are critical to safety or that are highly available. The fault tree is created by means of a system analysis that is conducted beforehand. Combinations of faults are also taken into consideration. This method requires precise knowledge of the system analysis and probability calculation.)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Maryland USA. www.fda.gov
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFeedback
Feedback: Communication of information from customers or users related to a process or performance. Feedback is used to make decisions directed toward improving or adjusting a process or performance as necessary.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFeeder lines
Feeder lines: A series of special assembly lines that allow assemblers to perform preassembly tasks off the main production line. Performing certain processes off the main production line means fewer parts in the main assembly area, the availability of service ready components and assemblies in the main production area, improved quality and less lead time to build a product.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFeet for Inspection Points
The distance or spacing between inspection or measurement points in a system, often used in quality control or assessment.
Đăng bởi: Measurement ParameterFeigenbaum
The American Armand V. Feigenbaum (born in 1922) is one of the pioneers and significant figures in quality science. His core activities were Total Quality Control and Simultaneous Engineering.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFI (TPM)
Focused Improvement: A fundamental pillar of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) focusing on continuous improvement initiatives.
Đăng bởi: TPM PillarFiducial Confidence Interval
A statistical confidence interval derived using fiducial inference, an alternative to traditional confidence intervals.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureFIEV
Fédération des Industries des Equipements pour Véhicules. Organization of the French automotive supply industry. www.fiev.fr
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFifo
FIFO (First In, First Out) and LIFO (Last In, First Out) are inventory management methods for stock rotation.
Đăng bởi: Inventory ControlFinal inspection
The last of the quality inspections that is conducted before a unit is handed over to the customer or client.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFinal Partition
In cluster analysis or partitioning methods, the final division or separation of data into distinct groups or clusters.
Đăng bởi: Data Analysis MethodFinished Goods
Products or goods that have completed manufacturing processes and are ready for distribution or sale to customers.
Đăng bởi: Inventory ManagementFirst Aid
Skilled application of treatment during accidents/sudden illness using available materials.
Đăng bởi: Medical AssistanceFirst Aid/Cpr
Assistance for injured or sick individuals until medical treatment is available.
Đăng bởi: Safety ProcedureFirst article
Sample that is, without exception, manufactured with equipment and procedures (under the associated general conditions) that are planned for series manufacturing. The first article allows verification that the quality requirement on the offered product can be fulfilled, as far as this takes place under the series manufacturing conditions. The terms initial sample, quality specimen, type sample are used synonymously. (On the basis of DIN 55350 15)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst Article Inspection
Inspection of a first article in the framework of a sample inspection. (On the basis of DIN 55350 15)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst In, First Out (Fifo)
Maintaining precise production and conveyance sequence.
Đăng bởi: Process OrganizationFirst inspection
The first in a series of planned or authorized quality inspections. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst party audit
Internal audits that are carried out by the organization itself (also Self assessment), for example, for a management review or as the basis for the companys declaration of conformity. (On the basis of ISO 9000:2015)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst Pass Yield
The proportion of units or processes that pass through a system successfully without defects or rework on the first attempt.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control MeasureFirst pass yield (FPY)
First pass yield (FPY): Also referred to as the quality rate, the percentage of units that completes a process and meets quality guidelines without being scrapped, rerun, retested, returned or diverted into an offline repair area. FPY is calculated by dividing the units entering the process minus the defective units by the total number of units entering the process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst time quality (FTQ)
First time quality (FTQ): Calculation of the percentage of good parts at the beginning of a production run.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFirst Time Yield (FTY)
A quality measure indicating the percentage of units or processes passing through a system without the need for rework or correction.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control MeasureFishbone diagram
Fishbone diagram: See cause and effect diagram.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFisher's Exact Test
A statistical test examining the association between categorical variables in contingency tables, suitable for small sample sizes or rare events.
Đăng bởi: Statistical TestFisher's Method
A statistical method used for combining the results of independent tests to determine overall significance.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MethodFitness for use
Fitness for use: A term sometimes used to define the term quality to indicate the degree to which a product or service meets the requirements for its intended use.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFitted Line Plot
A graphical representation displaying a line representing the best fit relationship between variables in a scatter plot.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationFitted Regression Line
A line representing the best fit relationship between variables in a regression analysis, indicating the predicted values.
Đăng bởi: Regression AnalysisFitted Values
Predicted or estimated values obtained from a statistical model used to represent outcomes for specific inputs or conditions.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureFitted Values for Median Po
Estimated or predicted values derived from a statistical model for median related analyses.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureFitted Values in Orthogonal Regression
Estimated values derived from an orthogonal regression model, indicating relationships between variables.
Đăng bởi: Statistical MeasureFive phase lean approach
Five phase lean approach: A systematic method for implementing lean manufacturing that helps improve the production process and sustains gains made in the production cycle in an area or plant. The five phases are: 1) stability (provides an environment with controlled process variables, decreased waste and increased business impact); 2) continuous flow (characterized by reduced work in process inventory, time loss and defects, and increased process flexibility and repeatable processes between workstations); 3) synchronous production (characterized by disciplined process repeatability and synchronization between operations and customer requirements); 4) pull system (creates an environment in which material replenishment links operations with customer demand); and 5) level production (reduces response time or changes in demand and upstream schedule variability).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFive S (5S)
Methodology for workplace organization involving Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain.
Đăng bởi: Workplace OrganizationFive S's (5S)
Five S's (5S): Five Japanese terms beginning with s used to create a workplace suited for visual control and lean production. Seiri means to separate needed tools, parts and instructions from unneeded materials and to remove the unneeded ones. Seiton means to neatly arrange and identify parts and tools for ease of use. Seiso means to conduct a cleanup campaign. Seiketsu means to conduct seiri, seiton and seiso daily to maintain a workplace in perfect condition. Shitsuke means to form the habit of always following the first four Ss. The Americanized version is sort, straighten, scrub, standardize and sustain. The 5S approach organizes the workplace, keeps it neat and clean, establishes standardized condition and maintains discipline to sustain the effort.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFive Ss
Workplace practices conducive to visual control and lean production: Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, Sustain.
Đăng bởi: Lean MethodologyFive whys
Five whys: A technique for discovering the root causes of a problem and showing the relationship of causes by repeatedly asking the question, Why? A repetitive questioning technique to probe deeper to surface the root cause of a problem. The number of times why is asked depends on when the true root cause is reached.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFixed and Random Factors
In experimental design, fixed factors represent variables with constant levels, while random factors have variable levels or conditions.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFixed costs
Term for the (total) costs that do not change with the capacity utilization level. These are also called time related costs.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFlag
An indicator or marker used to highlight specific data points or conditions that need attention or further investigation.
Đăng bởi: Data VisualizationFlammable & Combustible Liquids
Easily ignitable liquids in the air at ambient temperatures.
Đăng bởi: Health HazardFloor
The lower surface or level of a room or building, often referenced in manufacturing layouts or facility planning.
Đăng bởi: Physical StructureFloor Marking
Floor Marking uses designated colors to signify areas, paths, or safety zones in the workplace for clarity and safety.
Đăng bởi: SafetyFlow
Flow: The progressive achievement of tasks along the value stream so a product proceeds from design to launch, order to delivery and raw to finished materials in the hands of the customer with no stoppages, scrap or backflows.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFlow Cell
A production layout or system organizing workstations in a sequence to promote efficient and continuous flow in manufacturing.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing MethodFlow Production
A manufacturing method focusing on continuous production, minimizing interruptions or downtime to achieve a smooth flow of products.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing TechniqueFlowchart
Flowchart: A graphical representation of the steps in a process. Flowcharts are drawn to better understand processes. One of the seven tools of quality (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFmea (Failure Modes And Effects Analysis)
Method to identify system failure modes and their effects.
Đăng bởi: Failure Mode AnalysisFMECA
Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis. The US military developed the FMEA in 1949 under the name FMECA. It was used for the systematic development of reliability with examination of system and equipment failures.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFocus group
Focus group: A qualitative discussion group, usually of eight to 10 people, that is invited from a segment of the customer base to discuss an existing or planned product, service or process, led by a facilitator working from predetermined questions.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFollow up audit
A follow up audit is conducted when one or more (critical) deviations (nonconformities) occur in the audit that require a longer time for correction. The effective realization of the corrective actions and consequently elimination of the deviation(s) can be proven in the follow up audit, for example. As a result a certificate can be issued.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementForce field analysis
Force field analysis: A technique for analyzing what aids or hinders an organization in reaching an objective. An arrow pointing to an objective is drawn down the middle of a piece of paper. The factors that will aid the objectives achievement, called the driving forces, are listed on the left side of the arrow. The factors that will hinder its achievement, called the restraining forces, are listed on the right side of the arrow.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementForecasted Demand
The predicted or estimated future demand for products or services based on analysis or forecasting methods.
Đăng bởi: Demand ForecastingForecasting
The process of predicting or estimating future outcomes, trends, or demand based on historical data, models, or analysis.
Đăng bởi: Prediction MethodFoundation Of Kaizen
Fundamental principles and concepts forming the basis of Kaizen.
Đăng bởi: Continuous ImprovementFour Absolutes of Quality Management
Core principles in quality management emphasizing the importance of quality in products or services: Performance, Features, Reliability, and Conformance.
Đăng bởi: Quality ManagementFQS
Forschungsgemeinschaft für Qualität e.V., Frankfurt. www.fqs.de
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFractional Factorial Design
An experimental design strategy involving a subset of the complete factorial design to evaluate the most influential factors efficiently.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFrequency
Number indicating how often a certain result or event occurs.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFrequency Data
Data characterized by counts or occurrences of specific events or categories, typically analyzed using frequency distributions.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Data TypeFrequency distribution (statistical)
Frequency distribution (statistical): A table that graphically presents a large volume of data so the central tendency (such as the average or mean) and distribution are clearly displayed.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFriedman's Test
A non parametric statistical test used to determine differences between multiple groups or treatments based on ranked data.
Đăng bởi: Statistical TestFront Line Command
Single Service Commands responsible for operating, administration, or training outside joint operations.
Đăng bởi: Military Command StructureFta (Fault Tree Analysis)
Method for analyzing causes of hazardous events in complex systems.
Đăng bởi: Hazard Analysis and ReliabilityFTC
Federal Trade Commission: A U.S. government agency overseeing consumer protection and antitrust laws to promote fair competition.
Đăng bởi: Regulatory AgencyFTP
File Transfer Protocol: A standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a computer network.
Đăng bởi: Networking ProtocolFull Factorial Design
An experimental design method evaluating all possible combinations of factors and levels to analyze their effects on outcomes.
Đăng bởi: Experimental DesignFull Rank
A condition in linear algebra or regression analysis where a matrix or system has maximal rank or independence among its rows or columns.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical ConceptFunction
Function: A group of related actions contributing to a larger action.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFunctional layout
Functional layout: The practice of grouping machines (such as grinding machines) or activities (such as order entry) by type of operation performed.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFunctional Safety
Property of engineered systems ensuring safety through functions performed.
Đăng bởi: System Safety EngineeringFunctional verification
Functional verification: Testing to ensure a part conforms to all engineering performance and material requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality managementFunnel experiment
Funnel experiment: An experiment that demonstrates the effects of tampering. Marbles are dropped through a funnel in an attempt to hit a flat surfaced target below. The experiment shows that adjusting a stable process to compensate for an undesirable result or an extraordinarily good result will produce output that is worse than if the process had been left alone.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
