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Tất cả | # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
There are currently 197 Glossary and Terminology in this directory beginning with the letter A.
A
A2LA
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
A3
Paper size but also a problem solving framework that fits on an A3 sized paper. It typically includes problem identification, analysis, action planning, and review.
Đăng bởi: Problem Solving Method
A3 report
A3 report: The A3 report, developed by Toyota, is a problem solving tool to define or clarify problems, suggest solutions, and record the results of improvement activities. The report is written on ledger sized paper (11 x 17 inches) and includes text, pictures, diagrams, and charts broken into different sections, each clearly labeled and arranged in a logical flow to produce a desired outcome for a proposed process.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
A3 thinking
Problem solving approach based on the A3 format, emphasizing concise documentation and structured problem solving steps.
Đăng bởi: Problem Solving Method
AAI
Average Amount of Inspection.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ABC
Activity based costing. User based distribution of overhead costs to the performances (reference value is the performance or the process). Tool to analyze and control overhead costs. The result makes it possible to show the relationship between resources and products in terms of economic performance.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ABC analysis
Business management procedure to support planning and decisionmaking. Certain classification methods or schemes are used tom rate operational objects or factors according to their significance/ importance and subsequently group them into A, B and C classes. This indicates the portion of the business volume held by important customers or the percentage of high quality products on stock. The ABC analysis provides a rough idea of the ACTUAL situation and serves as a basis for more precise analyses of problematic areas.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ABC XYZ analysis
In materials management, the XYZ analysis first means a classification of procurement objects with regard to their consumption characteristics (e.g., constant, seasonal, sporadic). In general, unlike the ABC analysis which groups according to significance, the classification here is according to other criteria (e.g., required quantitative material or resource usage: high, medium, low). In order to improve the effectiveness of an ABC analysis or a purely XYZ analysis, the two are combined into an ABC XYZ analysis. This shows that, for example, lower value articles constitute a high proportion of the inventory and at the same time demand high resource usage for their storage. The advantage of this analysis method is that it remains limited to a few dimensions and consequently makes it comparatively easy to recognize weak points that can then be considered in more detail. See ABC analysis, XYZ analysis.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Absolute
Absolute value or magnitude, disregarding direction. Used in mathematics and measurements.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Concept
Absolute Duty
No defense available against non compliance with statutory requirements.
Đăng bởi: Occupational Health and Safety
Absolute liability
Absolute liability (also strict liability) is liability for damages that result from an allowed hazard. Liability for damages arises regardless of guilt.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Absorption
Uptake of material into the body, e.g., through skin, inhalation, ingestion, or injection.
Đăng bởi: Material Entry Routes
AC
Acceptance number.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Academic Quality Improvement Project (AQIP)
Academic Quality Improvement Project (AQIP): A forum for higher education institutions to review one another’s action projects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Accelerated life test
Experiment to estimate the life expectancy or reliability of a product by exposing it to accelerated stress conditions.
Đăng bởi: Test / Experiment
Acceptable quality level (AQL)
In quality control, the maximum acceptable defect rate in a particular sample. Used in acceptance sampling plans.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Measure
Acceptable risk
See Limiting risk.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acceptance
Finding that the criteria for the acceptability of the inspection lot are fulfilled.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acceptance inspection
Quality inspection to determine whether or not a product is acceptable as supplied or delivered. (On the basis of DIN 55350 17)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acceptance number
Acceptance number: The maximum number of defects or defectives allowable in a sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acceptance quality limit (AQL)
Acceptance quality limit (AQL): In a continuing series of lots, a quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process average.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acceptance region plot
Graphical representation in statistical hypothesis testing showing the region of acceptance for a test statistic under a given significance level.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Visualization
Acceptance sampling
Quality control technique involving inspecting a sample from a batch to determine whether to accept or reject the entire batch based on predefined criteria.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Method
Acceptance sampling plan
Acceptance sampling plan: A specific plan that indicates the sampling sizes and associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes sampling, for example, there are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain and skip lot sampling plans. In variables sampling, there are single, double and sequential sampling plans. For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the standard ANSI/ISO/CiCC A3534 2 1993: Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols—Statistical Quality Control.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Accident
An incident resulting in death, injury, loss, or damage.
Đăng bởi: General Occupational Health and Safety
Accident Prevention Plan (App)
Instructs employees on responding to common occupational hazards.
Đăng bởi: Safety Procedure
Accident Triangle
Indicates statistical relationship and severity of accidents: Small number of deaths, Medium number of injuries, Large number of near misses.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Analysis in Safety
Acclimatized
Personnel adapted to hot environments through supervised exercise programs.
Đăng bởi: Environmental Adaptation
Accountability / Accountable
Person responsible for agreed risk management standards.
Đăng bởi: Role/Responsibility
Accountable Person
Individual responsible for ensuring adequate health and safety systems within their unit or designated area.
Đăng bởi: Responsibility Role
Accreditation
Accreditation: Certification by a recognized body of the facilities, capability, objectivity, competence and integrity of an agency, service or operational group or individual to provide the specific service or operation needed. The term has multiple meanings depending on the sector. Laboratory accreditation assesses the capability of a laboratory to conduct testing, generally using standard test methods. Accreditation for healthcare organizations involves an authoritative body surveying and verifying compliance with recognized criteria, similar to certification in other sectors.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Accreditation body
Accreditation body: An organization with authority to accredit other organizations to perform services such as quality system certification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Accuracy
Measurement concept: how close a measured value is to the true value or target.
Đăng bởi: Measurement Concept
Accuracy and precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of measurements to the true value, while precision refers to the consistency or reproducibility of measurements.
Đăng bởi: Measurement Concepts
ACLASS Accreditation Services
ACLASS Accreditation Services: An ANSI CiCC National Accreditation Board company that provides accreditation services for: testing and calibration labs in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025; reference material producers in accordance with ISO Guide 34; and inspection bodies in accordance with ISO/IEC 17020.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acos
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric function for finding an angle given the cosine value.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Function
Action limit
Maximum or minimum value that is entered into a quality control chart. Action must be taken if a characteristic value falls above or below this value. (On the basis of DIN 55350 33)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Action Plan
Detailed plan outlining specific steps to achieve a particular goal or address an issue.
Đăng bởi: Planning / Strategy
Active listening
See Indirect communication behavior.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Activity based costing
Activity based costing: An accounting system that assigns costs to a product based on the amount of resources used to design, order or make it.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Activity Boards
Visual boards used to display and manage tasks or activities in a project or workflow.
Đăng bởi: Project Management Tool
Activity Hazard Analysis (Aha)
Analyzes job hazards pre occurrence to avoid and eliminate them.
Đăng bởi: Risk Analysis
Activity network diagram
Activity network diagram: An arrow diagram used in planning.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Acute Effects
Health effects appearing quickly after exposure to a causative agent.
Đăng bởi: Health Effect Classification
Added value performance
Activity (performance) that leads to value enhancement from the customer‘s point of view. It increases the value of a product for the customer.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Additive / Synergistic
Properties of substances showing cumulative or heightened combined effects.
Đăng bởi: Substances Effect Interaction
Additive model
Statistical model assuming the combined effect of multiple factors is the sum of the effects of individual factors.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Model
Adjusted p value
Statistical technique adjusting the significance threshold in multiple hypothesis testing to account for multiple comparisons and reduce false positives.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Technique
Adjusted residuals for counts
Residuals in statistical models used to assess the difference between observed and expected counts, often in contingency tables. Adjusted for model complexity.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Measure
Adjustment
Precise adjustment (matching) of a measuring instrument by a changing intervention in the measuring instrument in order to minimize errors of measurement to an acceptable degree.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Administrative Line Of Authority
Administrative authorities responsible for smooth mining operations.
Đăng bởi: Management
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP): A high level automotive process for product realization, from design through production part approval.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Adverse event
Adverse event: A healthcare term for any event that is not consistent with the desired, normal or usual operation of the organization; also known as a sentinel event.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Advice
Specific practical directions for compliance without precisely outlining actions to be taken.
Đăng bởi: Compliance Guidance
Affinity Chart (diagram)
Visual tool used in brainstorming and organizing ideas by grouping related concepts or items together.
Đăng bởi: Visualization Technique
Affinity Charts
Another term for Affinity Diagrams. Used in brainstorming and problem solving to organize and categorize ideas.
Đăng bởi: Visualization Technique
Affinity Diagram
Visual brainstorming tool for organizing and grouping ideas or information based on natural relationships or associations.
Đăng bởi: Visualization Technique
AFNOR
Association Française de Normalisation. Official French authority for standardization. www.afnor.org
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Agenda 21
Development and environmental policy action plan for the 21st century. More than 170 countries adopted this guidance paper for sustainable development at the United Nations Conference on Environment & Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Meanwhile Agenda 21 (sustainable development) is also seen as the guideline for public action.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Aggregate data
Data combined or summarized from individual level data into groups or categories for analysis or reporting.
Đăng bởi: Data Analysis
Agile
Project management methodology emphasizing adaptability, collaboration, iterative development, and customer feedback in delivering projects.
Đăng bởi: Project Management Method
Agile certification
Certification programs verifying proficiency in Agile methodologies, often covering frameworks like Scrum, Kanban, Lean, etc.
Đăng bởi: Certification Program
Agility
Agility: The ability for organizations to respond rapidly to changes in internal and external environments without losing momentum or vision.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
AIAG
Automotive Industry Action Group: An organization establishing quality standards and guidelines in the automotive industry.
Đăng bởi: Industry Standards
Air Monitoring
Identifying and measuring toxicity of air contaminants in workplaces.
Đăng bởi: Safety Measure
Akkreditierungsstellengesetz
Law from August 1, 2009 regarding the accreditation body. This regulates such aspects as the tasks and authorities of the national accreditation body and of the accreditation advisory board. It is based on Regulation (EC) No. 765/2008, which provides for the establishment of a single national accreditation body in every member state of the EU by January 1, 2010.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Alarp
As Low As Reasonably Practicable weighing risks against the trouble, time, and money needed to control them.
Đăng bởi: Risk Management
Alias
An alternative name or label used to represent a variable, command, or entity in various contexts or programming languages.
Đăng bởi: Terminology / Variable
Alignment
Alignment: Actions to ensure that a process or activity supports the organization’s strategy, goals and objectives.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
All Waiting Time
Cumulative time when equipment is not operational for various reasons.
Đăng bởi: Downtime Factor
Allergen
An antigen causing allergic reactions.
Đăng bởi: Health and Allergy Safety
Alpha
A statistical measure of internal consistency or reliability in tests or measurements, commonly used in assessing scales or instruments.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Measure
Alpha for axial points
In Design of Experiments (DOE), a measure used to evaluate the reliability of effects at axial points in a factorial experiment.
Đăng bởi: Experimental Design
Alpha risk
Maximum risk that the examining party faces if it rejects the null hypothesis Ho although it is true.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Alternate Entry
Procedures for confined spaces with controlled atmospheric hazards.
Đăng bởi: Safety Protocol
Alternative Acceptable Means Of Compliance
Alternate ways of meeting JSP 375 requirements.
Đăng bởi: Option/Compliance
Alternative hypothesis (Ha) (also called the working hypothesis)
Hypothesis that there are differences.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Alternative Path
In project management or process flow, an alternate route or sequence used when the main path encounters obstacles or changes.
Đăng bởi: Project Management Term
AM (TPM)
Autonomous Maintenance in Total Productive Maintenance (TPM): An approach where equipment operators perform routine maintenance tasks to improve equipment efficiency.
Đăng bởi: Maintenance Method
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA)
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA): An organization that formally recognizes another organization’s competency to perform specific tests, types of tests or calibrations.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)
American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI): Released for the first time in October 1994, an economic indicator and cross industry measure of the satisfaction of U. S. household customers with the quality of the goods and services available to them. This includes goods and services produced in the United States and imports from foreign firms that have substantial market shares or dollar sales. CiCC is a founding sponsor of the ACSI, along with the University of Michigan Business School and the CFI Group.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI): A private, nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It is the U.S. member body in the International Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)
American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT): A technical society for nondestructive testing (NDT) professionals.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Society for Quality (ASQ)
American Society for Quality (ASQ): A professional, not for profit association that develops, promotes and applies quality related information and technology for the private sector, government and academia. ASQ serves individual and organizational members in more than 140 countries.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): Not for profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International: Not for profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American Society for Training and Development (ASTD)
American Society for Training and Development (ASTD): A membership organization that provides materials, education and support related to workplace learning and performance.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
American standard code for information interchange (ASCII)
American standard code for information interchange (ASCII): The basic computer characters accepted by all American machines and many foreign ones.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Statistical technique combining analysis of variance (ANOVA) with linear regression to assess the influence of continuous covariates on a dependent variable.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Technique
Analysis of means
Statistical method comparing means from multiple groups or treatments, often used in experimental designs with multiple factors or levels.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Technique
Analysis of means (ANOM)
Analysis of means (ANOM): A statistical procedure for troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with factors at fixed levels. It provides a graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the procedure in 1967 because he observed that nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality practitioners to use because it is an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further extended the concept, enabling analysis of means to be used with non normal distributions and attributes data in which the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is referred to as analysis of means for treatment effects.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Statistical technique analyzing differences in means among multiple groups to assess if there are significant differences between group means.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Technique
Analysis of variance table
Table displaying the sources of variation and degrees of freedom in an ANOVA, summarizing the statistical analysis of group differences.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Tool
Analyze
Stage in process improvement methodologies (e.g., Six Sigma) involving data analysis to identify root causes and potential solutions.
Đăng bởi: Process Improvement Stage
Analyze Phase
Phase in Six Sigma or process improvement methodologies focused on data analysis and identifying areas for improvement.
Đăng bởi: Process Improvement Phase
Analyze variability
Process of investigating and understanding the variation in data or outcomes to determine sources of variability.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Analysis
Anchor column
In data tables or databases, a fixed reference column used for organizing or aligning data, often used in data manipulation or sorting.
Đăng bởi: Data Management Term
Anderson Darling statistic
A measure used to assess how well a sample's distribution fits a particular theoretical distribution, especially for testing normality.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Measure
Andon
Visual control device or signal indicating abnormalities or issues in a manufacturing process, typically used in Lean and TPM methodologies.
Đăng bởi: Lean / Manufacturing
Andon board
Andon board: A production area visual control device, such as a lighted overhead display. It communicates the status of the production system and alerts team members to emerging problems (from “andon,” a Japanese word meaning “light”).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ANFIA
Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industria Automobilistica. Organization of the Italian automotive industry with headquarters in Turin, Italy. www.anfia.it
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Annual Objectives
Goals or targets set by an organization or individual to achieve within a year, guiding strategic planning and performance.
Đăng bởi: Strategic Planning
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance: Statistical technique to compare means among multiple groups, assessing differences and variances between group means.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Technique
ANSI
American National Standards Institute, Washington D.C., www.ansi.org
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ANSI ACS X12
ANSI ACS X12: Transaction standards for electronic communication and shipping notification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Answers Knowledgebase
Repository or database containing information, solutions, or resources to address various queries or issues.
Đăng bởi: Information Resource
Antilog
In mathematics, the inverse operation of taking the logarithm, determining the number whose logarithm is a given number.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Function
AOQ
Average Outgoing Quality.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
AOQL
Average Outgoing Quality Level.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
APC
Automatic Process Control.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Appointed Person
Trained individual competent in assigned duties.
Đăng bởi: Workplace Safety Procedures
Appraisal cost
Appraisal cost: The cost of ensuring an organization is continually striving to conform to customers’ quality requirements.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Approval
Formal consent or authorization given to proceed with a task, project, or decision after review and validation.
Đăng bởi: Process Step / Approval
Approved Code Of Practice (Acop)
Code accepted by Health and Safety Commission (HSC).
Đăng bởi: Legal Compliance in Safety
APQP
Advanced Product Quality Planning: Advanced product quality planning process supporting design and development of products and services. (On the basis of IATF 16949:2016)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Ã
ÖQA
Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Förderung der Qualität (QUALITY AUSTRIA), Vienna, Austria. www.qualityaustria.com
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
A
AQAP
Allied Quality Assurance Publications. NATO standards for quality assurance systems. They contain requirements for companies who supply products to the military sector.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
AQL
Acceptance quality limit. See Acceptance quality limit.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Area
Measurement of the size of a two dimensional surface enclosed by a boundary or shape.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Concept
Area graph
Data visualization graph representing data trends using filled in areas to show changes over time or between categories.
Đăng bởi: Data Visualization
Area Of Responsibility
Physical area, activities, or operational parameters an individual or organization directly controls or holds delegated authority over.
Đăng bởi: Responsibility Area
ARIS
Architecture of integrated information systems: Framework for the structuring and representation of business processes and information systems in companies.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Arithmetic mean
Simple statistical parameter (mean, average). It is formed by dividing the sum of all values in a collection by the number of values. The arithmetic mean is susceptible to “outliers“ (individual values in a sample that greatly differ from the average). Therefore it is useful to identify a sample by including further measures of locations and measures of dispersion.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
ARL
Average Run Length. Average number of samples.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Arrow diagram
Arrow diagram: A planning tool to diagram a sequence of events or activities (nodes) and their interconnectivity. It is used for scheduling and especially for determining the critical path through nodes.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Level of risk reduction where further measures become disproportionate to gained benefits.
Đăng bởi: Risk Reduction Level
AS9100
AS9100: An international quality management standard for the aerospace industry published by the Society of Automotive Engineers and other organizations worldwide. It is known as EN9100 in Europe and JIS Q 9100 in Japan. The standard is controlled by the International Aerospace Quality Group (see listing).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Asap
ASAP (As Soon As Possible) a term emphasizing urgency or priority in completing tasks or actions.
Đăng bởi: Workplace
Asbestos Containing Materials
Materials containing asbestos as part of their design.
Đăng bởi: Hazardous Material Classification
Asbestos Exposure
Precautions to prevent hazards from exposure to asbestos.
Đăng bởi: Hazard Control
Asbestos Survey
Assessment to determine location, quantity, type, and condition of asbestos.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/Assessment
Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC)
Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC): A cooperative of laboratory accreditation bodies.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Asims
Air Safety Information Management System.
Đăng bởi: Information Management
Asin
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric function for finding an angle given the sine value.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Function
Aspect ratio
Proportionate relationship between the width and height of an object or image, often expressed as a ratio.
Đăng bởi: Measurement Concept
Asphyxiation
Deprivation of oxygen leading to suffocation.
Đăng bởi: Hazard Outcome
Assembly inspection
The assembly inspection can be conducted as an in process or final inspection. See In process inspection or Final inspection.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Assessment
Formal review of a safety document or written product.
Đăng bởi: Document Evaluation
Assignable cause
Identifiable and controllable factor or circumstance causing variation or issues in a process or outcome.
Đăng bởi: Process Variation
Assn. for Quality and Participation (AQP)
Assn. for Quality and Participation (AQP): Was an independent organization until 2004, when it became an affiliate organization of CiCC. Continues today as CiCC’s Team and Workplace Excellence Forum.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Associated variables
Variables showing a statistical relationship or correlation, where changes in one variable may correspond to changes in another.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Concept
Assurance
Confidence from an objective examination over activities, control, and compliance.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation/Assessment
ASTM International
American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. www.astm.org
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Atan
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric function for finding an angle given the tangent value.
Đăng bởi: Mathematical Function
ATI
Average Total Inspected. Average number of units inspected.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Atmospheric Monitoring
Testing and analyzing hazardous atmospheres for safe entry procedures.
Đăng bởi: Safety Procedure
Atohoten Seisan
Fill up system
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CI
Atokoutei Hikitori
Pull system
Đăng bởi: Japanese KAIZEN/CI
Attribute
In quality control, a characteristic or feature of a product or process that can be evaluated as conforming or non conforming.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Term
Attribute agreement analysis
Assessment method in quality control to measure agreement among appraisers when evaluating attributes in a product or process.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Method
Attribute charts
Charts used in quality control to monitor the proportion of non conforming items or attributes in a sample or process.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Tool
Attribute Data
Data type describing qualitative or categorical characteristics or attributes rather than numerical values.
Đăng bởi: Data Type
Attribute Gage Study
Quality assessment method evaluating the reliability and consistency of attribute measurement systems.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Method
Attributes, method of
Attributes, method of: A method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration and counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no go gauging of a dimension.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Attributive data
See Qualitative data.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audiometric Health Surveillance
Close monitoring of an individual's health related to auditory issues.
Đăng bởi: Health Monitoring
Audit
Systematic process for gathering and assessing evidence to determine compliance.
Đăng bởi: Compliance Assessment
Audit client
Party (organization or person) requesting an audit. For internal audits, the audit client can also be the organization that is being audited. External audits can be requested by other organizations (e.g., regulators, contracting parties actual or potential clients). (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit conclusion
Result of an audit that takes into account the audit objectives and audit findings. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit criteria
Criteria that are used for an audit. Criteria are requirements that serve as a reference or benchmark for an audit. The objective evidence is compared to these standards (target status). Requirements may cover policies, procedures, work instructions, legal requirements or contractual obligations. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit evidence
Objective information in the form of records and statements of fact (actual status) which are collected during the audit and which are relevant to the audit criteria (target status). (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit findings
Result of the comparison of the audit criteria (target status) with the audit evidence (actual status). Audit findings can either demonstrate the agreement (conformity) with the audit criteria, deviations [nonconformity], or potential improvement (conformity). (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit leader
Auditor who leads the audit team. He or she has the overall responsibility for the audit. An audit (team) leader‘s fundamental tasks are: Audit planning and resource usage in the audit; representing the audit team with respect to the client and the auditee; forming the audit team and assigning the tasks; leading the audit team in order to gather objective audit results and draw audit conclusions; preventing or solving conflicts including stopping the audit if the auditee is not providing support; time management for the performance of the audit; and preparing the audit report and deviation reports.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit management
Control of the use of competent auditors in the different audit types and the review of the effectiveness of the audit system.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit plan
Detailed specification of the audit procedure and the activities for an audit. An audit plan is used to define the audit objectives, audit scope, auditors and areas or people to be audited. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit principles (principles of auditing)
Principles that constitute the basis for an effective audit. ISO 19011 lists the following seven principles: Integrity, fair presentation, due professional care, confidentiality, independence, evidence based approach and risk based approach. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit programme
One or more audits planned for a specific time frame with a specific purpose in mind. An audit program also includes the planning (including resources), organization and performance of audits. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit questioning method
Questioning technique in the audit. This refers to how the auditor engages people to talk. Open questions (WH questions: who, what, where, when, why and how questions) result in a great deal of information and are therefore preferable. Suggestive questions can interfere with the atmosphere of the talk, and alternative questions allow for incorrect answers. Closed questions limit the possible answers and the auditee cannot freely structure the answer. Chain questions are problematic. The person being interviewed is flooded with questions, looks for the simplest one and no longer responds to the others.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit record
Documentation from audit: e.g., completed checklists or handwritten records.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit report
Report that contains the outcome of an audit. As a rule, the outcome is delivered to the client after the audit. The report contains the audit objectives and audit scope, audit number with date, audited location, client, type of audit, audit basis, audit participants, audit representative, auditor, auditor team, audit findings, audit conclusions, remark about the follow up audit, summarizing assessment, signature of the lead auditor and date.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit scope
Description of the extent and boundaries of an audit, such as physical and virtual locations, functions organizational units, processes, activities, and time period covered. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit team
An audit team leader and one or more additional auditors constitute the audit team. Where necessary, they are supported by technical experts with specific knowledge in the sector or the subject. Auditors in training can also supplement the audit team. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audit type
Character of an audit. There are many types of audits that are specific to a company. The normal distinctions are between first, second and third party audits and between system, process and product audits.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Auditee
Organization or parts thereof being audited. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018)
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Auditor
Person who conducts an audit. (On the basis of ISO 19011:2018). Average outgoing quality. Expected number of defective parts in a lot according to a sampling inspection.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Audits
Systematic examinations or reviews conducted to evaluate processes, operations, or systems for compliance, accuracy, or efficiency.
Đăng bởi: Evaluation Process
Autofill
Feature in software or applications automatically populating data into fields based on predefined patterns or previous entries.
Đăng bởi: Software Feature
Automatic Time
In manufacturing, systems or processes that trigger actions or operations based on predetermined time intervals or triggers.
Đăng bởi: Manufacturing Term
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG): A global automotive trade association with about 2,600 plus member companies that focuses on common business processes, implementation guidelines, education and training.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Autonomation
Autonomation: A form of automation in which machinery automatically inspects each item after producing it and ceases production and notifies humans if a defect is detected. Toyota expanded the meaning of jidohka to include the responsibility of all workers to function similarly—to check every item produced and, if a defect is detected, make no more until the cause of the defect has been identified and corrected. Also see “jidohka.”
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Autonomation (aka Jidoka)
Lean manufacturing principle where machines stop or alert when abnormalities occur, enabling operators to address issues promptly.
Đăng bởi: Lean Manufacturing
Autonomous Maintenance (Am)
AM is a TPM pillar focused on empowering operators to perform routine maintenance tasks on equipment to prevent breakdowns and defects.
Đăng bởi: Maintenance Methodology
Availability
Availability: The ability of a product to be in a state to perform its designated function under stated conditions at a given time.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Availability Rate (A)
Measures the percentage of time equipment is available for production.
Đăng bởi: Efficiency Metric
Available Process Time
The total time available for a process to operate or perform tasks within a given time frame, excluding downtime or interruptions.
Đăng bởi: Process Management
Average (aka Mean)
Statistical measure representing the central tendency of a data set, calculated by summing values and dividing by the number of observations.
Đăng bởi: Statistical Measure
Average chart
Average chart: A control chart in which the subgroup average, X bar, is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average outgoing quality (AOQ)
Average outgoing quality (AOQ): The expected average quality level of an outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average Outgoing Quality Curve
Graphical representation showing the trend of the average quality level of items leaving a process over time or quantity produced.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Graph
Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)
Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL): The maximum average outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling plan and disposal specification.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average P
In quality control, a measure estimating the average proportion of non conforming items in a sample from a process.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Measure
Average run lengths (ARL)
Average run lengths (ARL): On a control chart, the number of subgroups expected to be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average sample number (ASN)
Average sample number (ASN): The average number of sample units inspected per lot when reaching decisions to accept or reject.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average total inspection (ATI)
Average total inspection (ATI): The average number of units inspected per lot, including all units in rejected lots (applicable when the procedure calls for 100% inspection of rejected lots).
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
Average total inspection curve
Graphical representation indicating the overall inspection rate or efficiency concerning the total items inspected over time.
Đăng bởi: Quality Control Graph
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ÖVQ
Österreichische Vereinigung für Qualitätssicherung. Earlier name of the ÖQA.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
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Awards
See EFQM Excellence Award, Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award, Ludwig Erhard Preis.
Đăng bởi: Productivity and quality management
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